Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India, 201002.
CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Technology Block, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh, India, 160030.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Apr 1;194(4):324. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-09896-8.
The formulation of an adequate and practical Atmospheric Air Quality Management Plan at different spatial scales at local (micro), city (medium), national (macro)), and temporal (short and long term) is an indispensable solution to prevent the public from air pollution health risk. The air quality monitoring system provides regulatory agencies a comprehensive data of current air contaminants in a particular location. Then, air monitoring data of pollutants is processed into a dimensionless unit called the "Air Quality Index" (AQI); it serves as an information medium for the people to know the air quality health of their location and takes preventative steps accordingly (public participation). Thus, the AQI is a beneficial tool for the public, stakeholders, and regulators to understand the current state of air quality. AQI across the globe considers the number of pollutants (most of the developed countries and some developing countries considers PM to measure the overall status of air quality being monitored), averaging time for which pollutants are measured, calculation method to compute air quality indices for each pollutant, calculation mode to aggregate the overall index, scale of an index, categories, colour coding scheme, and related descriptive terms of the pollutants. This article presents rationalized and extensive reviews of various Air Quality Index (AQI) models utilized worldwide from 1960 to 2021, comparing them based on several parameters such as types and number of pollutants (criteria or hazardous air pollutants), averaging time (long-term or short-term), calculation methods (linear or nonlinear), calculation modes [single-pollutant (maximum value) or multi-pollutants (combined effect)]. By analysing the strengths and flaws of all the AQI models developed so far, it is recommended to develop a more reliable, extensible, and comparable AQI model to be employed as an executive tool for designing strategic pollution abatement programs to preserve public health.
制定在不同空间尺度（局部[微观]、城市[中观]、国家[宏观]）和时间尺度（短期和长期）上充分和实用的大气空气质量管理计划，是防止公众受到空气污染健康风险的必要解决方案。空气质量监测系统为监管机构提供了特定地点当前空气污染物的综合数据。然后，将污染物的空气质量监测数据处理成一个无量纲单位，称为“空气质量指数”（AQI）；它作为公众了解其所在地空气质量健康状况并采取相应预防措施（公众参与）的信息媒介。因此，AQI 是公众、利益相关者和监管机构了解当前空气质量状况的有益工具。全球的 AQI 考虑了污染物的数量（大多数发达国家和一些发展中国家使用 PM 来衡量正在监测的空气质量的整体状况）、测量污染物的平均时间、计算每个污染物空气质量指数的方法、计算总体指数的模式、指数的规模、类别、颜色编码方案以及污染物的相关描述性术语。本文对 1960 年至 2021 年世界各地使用的各种空气质量指数（AQI）模型进行了合理化和广泛的回顾，根据污染物的类型和数量（标准或危险空气污染物）、平均时间（长期或短期）、计算方法（线性或非线性）、计算模式[单一污染物（最大值）或多污染物（综合效应）]等参数对它们进行了比较。通过分析迄今为止开发的所有 AQI 模型的优缺点，建议开发一个更可靠、可扩展和可比的 AQI 模型，作为设计战略污染减排计划的执行工具，以保护公众健康。
