Hayer Shivdeep Singh, Casanova-Higes Alejandro, Paladino Eliana, Elnekave Ehud, Nault Andre, Johnson Timothy, Bender Jeff, Perez Andres, Alvarez Julio
Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States.
Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 9;13:834793. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834793. eCollection 2022.
Fluoroquinolones and polymyxins (colistin) are considered as critical drugs for human medicine. Antimicrobials of these classes are also used in swine production worldwide and this usage can contribute to selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a threat to both human and animal health. Given the dynamic epidemiology of AMR, updating our knowledge regarding distribution and trends in the proportion of resistant bacteria is of critical importance.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the global prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones and colistin in collected from swine.
Four databases (PubMed, PubAg, Web of Science, and CAB abstracts) and reports of national surveillance programs were scanned and 360 articles were included in the analysis. We identified higher prevalence levels of fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance in isolates from pig populations in Asia compared to Europe. The heterogeneity of pooled estimates was also higher in Asian countries suggesting that prevalence of AMR is still not fully characterized. There was a major knowledge gap about the situation of AMR in South American and African countries. We also identified key deficiencies in how AMR data was reported in the studies. A meta-analysis using 6,167 publicly available genomes of swine established the prevalence and global distribution of genetic determinants that can lead to fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance.
This study provides the most comprehensive information on prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to key antimicrobials in pig populations globally. There is a need to establish national surveillance programs and effective policies, particularly in certain world regions, to curtail the threat of evolution of resistant isolates in swine production that can potentially contribute to public health detrimentally.
氟喹诺酮类和多粘菌素（黏菌素）被视为人类医学的关键药物。这类抗菌药物也在全球范围内的养猪生产中使用，这种使用情况可能会促使产生抗菌药物耐药性（AMR），而这对人类和动物健康都构成威胁。鉴于AMR的动态流行病学情况，更新我们关于耐药菌比例的分布和趋势的知识至关重要。
本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是描述从猪身上分离出的对氟喹诺酮类和黏菌素的表型和基因型耐药性的全球流行情况。
检索了四个数据库（PubMed、PubAg、科学网和CAB文摘）以及国家监测项目的报告，360篇文章纳入分析。我们发现，与欧洲相比，亚洲猪群分离株中氟喹诺酮类和黏菌素耐药性的流行水平更高。亚洲国家汇总估计值的异质性也更高，这表明AMR的流行情况仍未完全明确。关于南美和非洲国家的AMR情况存在重大知识空白。我们还发现了研究中AMR数据报告方式的关键缺陷。一项对6167个公开可用的猪基因组进行的荟萃分析确定了可导致氟喹诺酮类和黏菌素耐药性的遗传决定因素的流行情况和全球分布。
本研究提供了关于全球猪群中对关键抗菌药物的表型和基因型耐药性流行情况的最全面信息。有必要建立国家监测项目和有效政策，特别是在某些世界区域，以减少养猪生产中耐药菌株进化的威胁，因为这可能对公共健康产生不利影响。
