Cardoso Melo Raniere Dener, Groen Robin N, Hartman Catharina A
Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 11;13:818047. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.818047. eCollection 2022.
There are numerous observations of reward sensitivity being associated with different psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, most studies investigating this relationship have been cross-sectional. Additionally, current knowledge is fragmentary as studies often investigate only one disorder at a time. The present study addresses these gaps by investigating whether reward sensitivity at age 13 predicts the course of nine psychopathology domains (attention and hyperactivity, autism spectrum, reactive aggression, proactive aggression, mood, anxiety, smoking, alcohol use, and cannabis use) over a 14-year follow-up period.
We used dimensional outcomes on 2,523 individuals over five measurement waves between ages 13 and 26 of the Dutch Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Reward sensitivity was measured with the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) scale. The longitudinal associations between reward sensitivity and psychopathology were examined using growth curve analysis within a multilevel framework.
Reward sensitivity at age 13 was associated with changes in psychopathology over time. Reward sensitivity had a stable main effect on the future course of reactive and proactive aggression problems and anxiety problems. The effect of reward sensitivity increased over time for alcohol and cannabis use. analyses showed that reward sensitivity also had a stable effect on attention problems and hyperactivity and smoking when based on the fun-seeking subscale for both domains and when changing the informant who reported on attention problems and hyperactivity. No evidence was found for a longitudinal association between reward sensitivity and autism spectrum problems and mood problems.
The current study provides evidence for the long-lasting effects of reward sensitivity on the course of different domains of psychopathology.
有大量观察表明奖励敏感性与不同的精神疾病有关。然而，大多数研究这种关系的都是横断面研究。此外，由于研究通常一次只调查一种疾病，目前的知识是零散的。本研究通过调查13岁时的奖励敏感性是否能预测14年随访期内九个精神病理学领域（注意力和多动、自闭症谱系、反应性攻击、主动性攻击、情绪、焦虑、吸烟、饮酒和使用大麻）的病程，来填补这些空白。
我们在荷兰青少年个体生活追踪调查（TRAILS）中，对2523名个体在13至26岁之间的五个测量波次中使用了维度结果。奖励敏感性用行为激活系统（BAS）量表进行测量。在多水平框架内使用生长曲线分析来检验奖励敏感性与精神病理学之间的纵向关联。
13岁时的奖励敏感性与精神病理学随时间的变化有关。奖励敏感性对反应性和主动性攻击问题以及焦虑问题的未来病程有稳定的主要影响。奖励敏感性对饮酒和使用大麻的影响随时间增加。分析表明，当基于两个领域的寻求乐趣子量表以及改变报告注意力问题和多动情况的信息提供者时，奖励敏感性对注意力问题、多动和吸烟也有稳定的影响。未发现奖励敏感性与自闭症谱系问题和情绪问题之间存在纵向关联的证据。
本研究为奖励敏感性对不同精神病理学领域病程的长期影响提供了证据。
