Schmidbauer C P, Chiang H, Raz S
Clin Geriatr Med. 1986 Nov;2(4):759-76.
Surgery may be the most effective treatment for incontinence in the elderly female patient. Today, most of these incontinent patients are cured with surgery using the transvaginal approach, an access at low risk (especially for the geriatric female population). Surgery for stress urinary incontinence of all grades is established; however, surgical treatment for urge incontinence due to bladder instability is still controversial.
手术可能是老年女性尿失禁患者最有效的治疗方法。如今，大多数此类尿失禁患者通过经阴道入路手术治愈，这是一种低风险的入路方式（尤其对于老年女性群体）。各级压力性尿失禁的手术治疗已确立；然而，针对膀胱不稳定所致急迫性尿失禁的手术治疗仍存在争议。
