Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Univ. Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Univ. Nacional de Córdoba (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.
Neotrop Entomol. 2022 Jun;51(3):483-492. doi: 10.1007/s13744-022-00953-y. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
Chagas' disease is transmitted mainly by members of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Among them, Triatoma infestans (Klug) is the main vector of the disease in Southern Cone of Latin America. In order to contribute to knowledge of the genetic variation between triatomine vectors, in the present study, we analyzed the intraspecific and interspecific variations of the seven mitogenomes available from Triatominae. In addition, in order to examine their evolutionary relationships with others species of Reduviidae and to estimate the divergence time of the main lineages, we constructed phylogenetic trees including mitogenome sequences of 30 species from Reduviidae. Comparative analysis between mitochondrial DNA sequences from two specimens of T. infestans revealed a total of 54 variable sites. Triatoma infestans, Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille), Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer), Triatoma migrans (Breddin), Rhodnius pictipes (Stål), and Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (Champion) present similar mitogenome organization and the length differences observed among these species are primarily caused by variations in control region (CR) and intergenic spacers (IGS). The relative synonymous codon usage values (RSCU) were similar in the six species of Triatominae, and in agreement with the observed in other insects, a biased use of A and C nucleotides in the majority strand was detected. The monophyly of five subfamilies was strongly supported (Phymatinae, Peiratinae, Triatominae, Stenopodainae, and Harpactorinae), while the sampled species of Reduviinae were grouped with one specie from the Salyavatinae subfamily. The oldest subfamily is Phymatinae at 100.3 Mya (99.6-102.2 Mya) and the youngest is Triatominae and Stenopodainae at 52.6 Mya (42.5-63.7 Mya). The estimated diversification time for the Triatominae subfamily agrees with the Andean uplift geological event. An analysis with more mitogenomes from more Triatominae species would be necessary to provide sufficient evidence to support this finding.
恰加斯病主要通过锥蝽亚科（半翅目：红蝽科）的成员传播。其中，分布于南美洲南部的克氏锥蝽（Triatoma infestans）是该病的主要传播媒介。为了有助于了解锥蝽媒介的遗传变异，本研究分析了来自锥蝽科的七个线粒体基因组的种内和种间变异。此外，为了研究它们与其他红蝽科物种的进化关系，并估计主要谱系的分歧时间，我们构建了包括来自红蝽科的 30 个物种的线粒体基因组序列的系统发育树。对来自两个 T. infestans 标本的线粒体 DNA 序列的比较分析表明，共有 54 个可变位点。T. infestans、T. dimidiata（Latreille）、T. rubrofasciata（De Geer）、T. migrans（Breddin）、Rhodnius pictipes（Stål）和 Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus（Champion）具有相似的线粒体基因组组织，而这些物种之间观察到的长度差异主要是由控制区（CR）和基因间间隔区（IGS）的变异引起的。六种锥蝽的相对同义密码子使用值（RSCU）相似，与其他昆虫的观察结果一致，检测到大多数链上 A 和 C 核苷酸的偏倚使用。五个亚科的单系性得到了强烈支持（Phymatinae、Peiratinae、Triatominae、 Stenopodainae 和 Harpactorinae），而采样的 Reduviinae 物种与 Salyavatinae 亚科的一个物种聚在一起。最古老的亚科是 Phymatinae，距今 100.3 Mya（99.6-102.2 Mya），最年轻的是 Triatominae 和 Stenopodainae，距今 52.6 Mya（42.5-63.7 Mya）。锥蝽亚科的多样化时间估计与安第斯山脉抬升的地质事件一致。需要对更多的锥蝽物种的线粒体基因组进行分析，以提供足够的证据来支持这一发现。
