癌症化疗与天然生物活性化合物

Cancer Chemotherapy Natural Bioactive Compounds.

机构信息

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India.

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781026, Assam, India.

出版信息

Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2022;19(4):e310322202888. doi: 10.2174/1570163819666220331095744.

DOI:10.2174/1570163819666220331095744

PMID:35362385

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Cancer-induced mortality is increasingly prevalent globally, which skyrocketed the necessity to discover new/novel, safe and effective anticancer drugs. Cancer is characterized by the continuous multiplication of cells in the human, which is unable to control. Scientific research is drawing its attention toward naturally-derived bioactive compounds as they have fewer side effects compared to the current synthetic drugs used for chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE

Drugs isolated from natural sources and their role in the manipulation of epigenetic markers in cancer are discussed briefly in this review article.

METHODS

With advancing medicinal plant biotechnology and microbiology in the past century, several anticancer phytomedicines were developed. Modern pharmacopeia contains at least 25% herbal-based remedies, including clinically used anticancer drugs. These drugs mainly include the podophyllotoxin derivatives vinca alkaloids, curcumin, mistletoe plant extracts, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin, and colchicine artesunate, homoharringtonine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytansine, tapsigargin,and bruceantin.

RESULTS

Compounds (psammaplin, didemnin, dolastin, ecteinascidin, and halichondrin) isolated from marine sources and animals such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, invertebrates. They have been evaluated for their anticancer activity on cells and experimental animal models and used chemotherapy.Drug-induced manipulation of epigenetic markers plays an important role in the treatment of cancer.

CONCLUSION

The development of a new drug from isolated bioactive compounds of plant sources has been a feasible way to lower the toxicity and increase their effectiveness against cancer. Potential anticancer therapeutic leads obtained from various ethnomedicinal plants, foods, marine, and microorganisms are showing effective yet realistically safe pharmacological activity. This review will highlight important plant-based bioactive compounds like curcumin, stilbenes, terpenes, other polyphenolic phyto-compounds, and structurally related families that are used to prevent/ ameliorate cancer. However, a contribution from all possible fields of science is still a prerequisite for discovering safe and effective anticancer drugs.

摘要

背景

癌症导致的死亡率在全球范围内日益普遍，这使得人们迫切需要发现新的、安全有效的抗癌药物。癌症的特征是人体细胞的持续增殖，而这种增殖是无法控制的。科学研究将注意力转向天然衍生的生物活性化合物，因为它们与目前用于化疗的合成药物相比，副作用更少。

目的

本文简要讨论了从天然来源分离的药物及其在癌症表观遗传标记调控中的作用。

方法

在过去一个世纪中，随着药用植物生物技术和微生物学的发展，开发了几种抗癌植物药。现代药典至少包含 25%的草药制剂，包括临床上使用的抗癌药物。这些药物主要包括鬼臼毒素衍生物长春碱类、姜黄素、槲寄生植物提取物、紫杉烷类、喜树碱、考布他汀、美登素、 tapsigargin 和 bruceantin。

结果

从海洋来源和动物（如微藻、蓝细菌、异养细菌、无脊椎动物）中分离出的化合物（ psammaplin、didemnin、 dolastin、ecteinascidin 和 halichondrin）已在细胞和实验动物模型中评估其抗癌活性，并用于化疗。药物诱导的表观遗传标记操纵在癌症治疗中起着重要作用。

结论

从植物来源的分离生物活性化合物开发新药是降低毒性和提高其抗癌效果的可行方法。从各种民族药用植物、食物、海洋和微生物中获得的潜在抗癌治疗先导化合物表现出有效且实际安全的药理活性。这篇综述将重点介绍姜黄素、二苯乙烯类、萜类、其他多酚类植物化合物和结构相关家族等重要的植物源生物活性化合物，这些化合物用于预防/缓解癌症。然而，来自所有可能科学领域的贡献仍然是发现安全有效的抗癌药物的前提。