Bryła Marcin, Stępniewska Sylwia, Modrzewska Marta, Waśkiewicz Agnieszka, Podolska Grażyna, Ksieniewicz-Woźniak Edyta, Yoshinari Tomoya, Stępień Łukasz, Urbaniak Monika, Roszko Marek, Gwiazdowski Romuald, Kanabus Joanna, Pierzgalski Adam
Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology─State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland.
Department of Grain Processing and Bakery, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology─State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, Warsaw 02-532, Poland.
J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Apr 13;70(14):4291-4302. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00314. Epub 2022 Apr 1.
head blight (FHB) caused by pathogenic species of fungi is one of the most important diseases of cereal plants and a factor contributing to losses in plant production. The growth of FHB-associated species is often accompanied by biosynthesis of secondary metabolites─mycotoxins, which serve as a virulence factor. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ratios between deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) and their derivatives in the ears of six cultivars of winter wheat with varying resistance to FHB, taking into account a range of factors (weather conditions, location, cultivar, and year) after inoculation with , during a 3 year field experiment, 2018-2020. The presence of toxins in the ears was measured within 21 days of inoculation. The toxins were found in the ears as soon as on the third day from the start of the experiment, whereas relative humidity higher than 80% was a decisive factor for FHB incidence. All wheat cultivars showed the ability to biotransform DON and NIV present in the ears to glucosides, that is, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) and nivalenol-3-glucoside (NIV-3G). The levels of these metabolites showed significant correlation with the levels of their basic analogues. In most cases, higher levels of DON and NIV in wheat ears and higher levels of their metabolites were observed, but the relative levels of DON-3G/DON and NIV-3G/NIV at relatively high levels of toxins were lower compared to the ear samples with relatively low toxin levels. The presented results are the first studies, which systematically correlate a variety of wheat cultivars with their extent to glucosylate trichothecenes.
由致病真菌引起的赤霉病（FHB）是谷类作物最重要的病害之一，也是导致作物减产的一个因素。与赤霉病相关的真菌生长通常伴随着次生代谢产物——霉菌毒素的生物合成，霉菌毒素是一种致病因子。本研究的目的是在2018 - 2020年为期3年的田间试验中，接种后考虑一系列因素（天气条件、地点、品种和年份），评估六个对赤霉病抗性不同的冬小麦品种麦穗中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）及其衍生物的比例。在接种后21天内测定麦穗中毒素的存在情况。从实验开始第三天起就在麦穗中发现了毒素，而相对湿度高于80%是赤霉病发病的决定性因素。所有小麦品种都表现出将麦穗中存在的DON和NIV生物转化为糖苷的能力，即脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 - 3 - 葡萄糖苷（DON - 3G）和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 - 3 - 葡萄糖苷（NIV - 3G）。这些代谢产物的水平与其基本类似物的水平呈显著相关。在大多数情况下，观察到小麦麦穗中DON和NIV水平较高，其代谢产物水平也较高，但与毒素水平相对较低的麦穗样品相比，在毒素水平相对较高时DON - 3G/DON和NIV - 3G/NIV的相对水平较低。所呈现的结果是首次将各种小麦品种与其对单端孢霉烯族毒素糖基化程度进行系统关联的研究。
