Hamuramicin C, a Cytotoxic Bicyclic Macrolide Isolated from a Wasp Gut Bacterium.

A new bicyclic macrolide, hamuramicin C (), was isolated from sp. MBP16, a gut bacterial strain of the wasp . Its 22-membered macrocyclic lactone structure was determined by NMR and mass spectrometry. The relative configurations of hamuramicin C () were assigned by -based configuration analysis utilizing H rotating frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy and heteronuclear long-range coupling NMR spectroscopy. Genomic and bioinformatic analyses of the bacterial strain enabled identification of the type-I polyketide synthase pathway, which employs a -acyltransferase system. The absolute configurations of were proposed based on the analysis of the sequences of ketoreductases in the modular gene cluster. Moreover, hamuramicin C () demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against diverse human cancer cell lines (HCT116, A549, SNU-638, SK-HEP-1, and MDA-MB-231).