School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK.
School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2022 Apr;75:102073. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.02.007. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons of mammalian oocytes and zygotes exist in distinct forms at various subcellular locations. This enables each cytoskeletal system to perform vastly different functions in time and space within the same cell. In recent years, key discovery enabling tools including light-sensitive microscopy assays have helped to illuminate cytoskeletal form and function in female reproductive cell biology. New findings include unexpected participation of F-actin in oocyte chromosome segregation, oocyte specific modes of spindle self-organization as well as existence of nuclear actin polymers whose functions are only starting to emerge. Functional actin-microtubule interactions have also been identified as an important feature that supports mammalian embryo development. Other advances have revealed reproductive age-related changes in chromosome structure and dynamics that predispose mammalian eggs to aneuploidy.
哺乳动物卵母细胞和受精卵的微丝和微管细胞骨架存在于不同的形式和亚细胞位置。这使得每个细胞骨架系统能够在同一细胞内的不同时间和空间内执行非常不同的功能。近年来，包括光敏感显微镜检测在内的关键发现工具帮助阐明了女性生殖细胞生物学中细胞骨架的形态和功能。新的发现包括 F-actin 出人意料地参与卵母细胞染色体分离、卵母细胞特有的纺锤体自我组织模式以及核肌动蛋白聚合物的存在，其功能才刚刚开始显现。功能性肌动蛋白-微管相互作用也被认为是支持哺乳动物胚胎发育的一个重要特征。其他进展揭示了与生殖年龄相关的染色体结构和动力学变化，使哺乳动物卵子易发生非整倍体。
