LncRNA PMAT-PtoMYB46 module represses PtoMATE and PtoARF2 promoting Pb uptake and plant growth in poplar.

Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic heavy-metal contaminants. Fast-growing woody plants with substantial biomass are ideal for bioremediation. However, the transcriptional regulation of Pb uptake in woody plants remains unclear. Here, we identified 226 Pb-induced, differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DELs) in Populus tomentosa. Functional annotation revealed that these DELs mainly regulate carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, energy metabolism, and signal transduction through their potential target genes. Association and epistasis analysis showed that the lncRNA PMAT (Pb-induced multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) antisense lncRNA) interacts epistatically with PtoMYB46 to regulate leaf dry weight, photosynthesis rate, and transketolase activity. Genetic transformation and molecular assays showed that PtoMYB46 reduces the expression of PtoMATE directly or indirectly through PMAT, thereby reducing the secretion of citric acid (CA) and ultimately promoting Pb uptake. Meanwhile, PtoMYB46 targets auxin response factor 2 (ARF2) and reduces its expression, thus positively regulating plant growth. We concluded that the PMAT-PtoMYB46-PtoMATE-PtoARF2 regulatory module control Pb tolerance, uptake, and plant growth. This study demonstrates the involvement of lncRNAs in response to Pb in poplar, yielding new insight into the potential for developing genetically improved woody plant varieties for phytoremediating lead-contaminated soils.