Zhou Tong, Dartiailh Matthieu C, Sardashti Kasra, Han Jong E, Matos-Abiague Alex, Shabani Javad, Žutić Igor
Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
Center for Quantum Phenomena, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
Nat Commun. 2022 Apr 1;13(1):1738. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29463-6.
A hallmark of topological superconductivity is the non-Abelian statistics of Majorana bound states (MBS), its chargeless zero-energy emergent quasiparticles. The resulting fractionalization of a single electron, stored nonlocally as a two spatially-separated MBS, provides a powerful platform for implementing fault-tolerant topological quantum computing. However, despite intensive efforts, experimental support for MBS remains indirect and does not probe their non-Abelian statistics. Here we propose how to overcome this obstacle in mini-gate controlled planar Josephson junctions (JJs) and demonstrate non-Abelian statistics through MBS fusion, detected by charge sensing using a quantum point contact, based on dynamical simulations. The feasibility of preparing, manipulating, and fusing MBS in two-dimensional (2D) systems is supported in our experiments which demonstrate the gate control of topological transition and superconducting properties with five mini gates in InAs/Al-based JJs. While we focus on this well-established platform, where the topological superconductivity was already experimentally detected, our proposal to identify elusive non-Abelian statistics motivates also further MBS studies in other gate-controlled 2D systems.
拓扑超导的一个标志是马约拉纳束缚态（MBS）的非阿贝尔统计特性，MBS是其无电荷的零能涌现准粒子。单个电子由此产生的分数化，以两个空间分离的MBS形式非局域存储，为实现容错拓扑量子计算提供了一个强大的平台。然而，尽管付出了巨大努力，对MBS的实验支持仍然是间接的，并未探究其非阿贝尔统计特性。在此，我们提出如何在微栅控制的平面约瑟夫森结（JJ）中克服这一障碍，并基于动力学模拟，通过量子点接触电荷传感检测到的MBS融合来证明非阿贝尔统计特性。我们的实验支持了在二维（2D）系统中制备、操纵和融合MBS的可行性，这些实验展示了在基于InAs/Al的JJ中使用五个微栅对拓扑转变和超导特性的栅极控制。虽然我们专注于这个已被实验检测到拓扑超导的成熟平台，但我们识别难以捉摸的非阿贝尔统计特性的提议，也激发了在其他栅极控制的2D系统中对MBS的进一步研究。
