McCully K K
Fed Proc. 1986 Dec;45(13):2933-6.
Strenuous or unaccustomed exercise can cause injury to skeletal muscle. This paper reviews our understanding of the mechanisms of exercise-induced injury. Measurements of exercise-induced injury have included muscle soreness, increased serum levels of intracellular enzymes, increased lysosomal enzyme activities, structural changes in muscle fibers, and prolonged decreases in force development that cannot be attributed to fatigue. Injury can be induced by exercise of small muscle groups, which suggests that it involves processes localized in skeletal muscles. Exercise of relatively short duration can result in injury, which indicates that long durations of exercise and associated metabolic changes are not necessary for injury to occur. Exercise that involves lengthening contractions results in greater evidence of muscle injury than exercise involving isometric or shortening contractions. Lengthening contractions are associated with higher levels of force and lower metabolic costs per muscle fiber than isometric or shortening contractions. These results suggest that changes in muscle metabolism are not responsible for exercise-induced injury to skeletal muscle. Exercise-induced injury is more likely the result of mechanical disruption of muscle fibers.
剧烈运动或不习惯的运动可导致骨骼肌损伤。本文综述了我们对运动性损伤机制的理解。运动性损伤的测量指标包括肌肉酸痛、细胞内酶血清水平升高、溶酶体酶活性增加、肌纤维结构变化以及力量发展的长期下降，而这种下降不能归因于疲劳。小肌肉群运动可诱发损伤，这表明损伤涉及骨骼肌局部的过程。相对较短时间的运动也可导致损伤，这表明长时间运动及相关代谢变化并非损伤发生的必要条件。与等长收缩或缩短收缩的运动相比，涉及拉长收缩的运动导致的肌肉损伤证据更多。与等长收缩或缩短收缩相比，拉长收缩与更高的力量水平和每根肌纤维更低的代谢成本相关。这些结果表明，肌肉代谢变化并非运动性骨骼肌损伤的原因。运动性损伤更可能是肌纤维机械性破坏的结果。
