Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Oct 17;24(10):1589-1596. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntac081.
Hispanic/Latinx smokers in the United States are often treated as a homogeneous group. However, population-based studies suggest that cigarette use differs among Hispanic/Latinx subgroups by sociodemographic or sociocultural characteristics. This secondary analysis aimed to advance the limited literature by examining differences in smoking-related variables.
We used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial testing a self-help Spanish-language smoking cessation intervention. Puerto Rican (PR), Mexican, and Cuban, the three largest Hispanic/Latinx subgroups in the sample (N = 1028), were first compared on sociodemographic and sociocultural variables (acculturation and familism). Primary analyses assessed subgroup differences in cigarette use variables (eg, cigarettes per day [CPD], nicotine dependence [Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence], and daily smoking) and smoking-related cognitive constructs (motivation to quit, smoking outcome expectancies, and abstinence self-efficacy) controlling for sociodemographic and sociocultural variables. Additional analyses explored differences between men and women within subgroups.
Mexicans exhibited the lowest levels of daily smoking (90% vs. 95% Cubans and 96% PR; p = .001), CPD (M = 13.5, SD = 9.5 vs. M = 20.1, SD = 9.9 Cubans and M = 16.7, SD = 10.1 PR; p = .016), and nicotine dependence (M = 4.2, SD = 2.3 vs. M = 6.0, SD = 2.1 Cubans and M = 5.7, SD = 2.2 PR; p < .001), with no differences between PRs and Cubans. Within-subgroup comparisons between men and women showed the most differences among PRs (eg, men were more nicotine dependent [M = 6.0, SD = 1.9] than women [M = 5.4, SD = 2.3; p = .041]) and Cubans (eg, men smoked more CPD [M = 22.2, SD = 12.2] than women [M = 19.3, SD = 12.0; p = .042]), and the fewest among Mexicans.
Findings support heterogeneity within Hispanic/Latinx smokers and highlight the potential utility of examining sociodemographic, sociocultural, and smoking characteristics important for developing salient cessation interventions.
Findings demonstrate that treatment-seeking Hispanic/Latinx smokers in the United States differ in sociodemographic, sociocultural, and smoking-related variables (cigarette use and smoking-related cognitive constructs) by subgroup (ie, PR, Mexican, and Cuban) and within subgroups by sex. These differences suggest that heterogeneity among subgroups should be considered when developing cessation interventions for Hispanics/Latinxs. Future research should examine how differences in sociodemographic and smoking-related variables impact intervention outcomes and explore the role of sociocultural factors (eg, acculturation and familism) as determinants of cessation.
在美国，西班牙裔/拉丁裔吸烟者通常被视为一个同质群体。然而，基于人群的研究表明，西班牙裔/拉丁裔亚群的吸烟行为因社会人口统计学或社会文化特征而有所不同。本二次分析旨在通过检查与吸烟相关的变量差异来推进有限的文献。
我们使用了一项测试西班牙语自助戒烟干预措施的随机对照试验的基线数据。波多黎各（PR）、墨西哥和古巴是样本中最大的三个西班牙裔/拉丁裔亚群（N=1028），首先比较了社会人口统计学和社会文化变量（同化和家庭主义）。主要分析评估了亚群在吸烟相关变量（例如，每天吸烟量[CPD]、尼古丁依赖[尼古丁依赖测试]和每日吸烟）和与吸烟相关的认知结构（戒烟动机、吸烟结果预期和戒烟自我效能）方面的差异，同时控制了社会人口统计学和社会文化变量。额外的分析探索了亚群内男女之间的差异。
墨西哥人的每日吸烟率最低（90%比古巴人 95%和波多黎各人 96%；p=.001），CPD （M=13.5，SD=9.5 比古巴人 M=20.1，SD=9.9 和波多黎各人 M=16.7，SD=10.1；p=.016）和尼古丁依赖（M=4.2，SD=2.3 比古巴人 M=6.0，SD=2.1 和波多黎各人 M=5.7，SD=2.2；p<.001），波多黎各人与古巴人之间没有差异。亚群内男女之间的比较显示，PR 中的差异最大（例如，男性尼古丁依赖程度高于女性[M=6.0，SD=1.9]比女性[M=5.4，SD=2.3；p=.041]）和古巴人（例如，男性每天吸烟量[M=22.2，SD=12.2]高于女性[M=19.3，SD=12.0；p=.042]），而在墨西哥人中差异最小。
研究结果支持西班牙裔/拉丁裔吸烟者内部存在异质性，并强调了研究对制定相关戒烟干预措施有重要意义的社会人口统计学、社会文化和吸烟特征的重要性。
研究结果表明，在美国寻求治疗的西班牙裔/拉丁裔吸烟者在社会人口统计学、社会文化和与吸烟相关的变量（吸烟量和与吸烟相关的认知结构）方面存在差异，具体取决于亚群（即波多黎各人、墨西哥人和古巴人），并且在亚群内也存在性别差异。这些差异表明，在为西班牙裔/拉丁裔制定戒烟干预措施时，应考虑亚群之间的异质性。未来的研究应检验社会人口统计学和与吸烟相关的变量差异如何影响干预结果，并探索社会文化因素（如同化和家庭主义）作为戒烟决定因素的作用。
