Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle [W], Mumbai, India.
Curr Pharm Des. 2022;28(38):3140-3157. doi: 10.2174/1381612828666220401142300.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the major treatments used for the management of cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hindrance faced in the treatment of cancer and is also responsible for cancer relapse. To date, several studies have been carried out on strategies to overcome or reverse MDR in cancer. Unfortunately, the MDR reversing agents have been proven to have minimal clinical benefits, and eventually, no improvement has been made in therapeutic efficacy to date. Thus, several investigational studies have also focused on overcoming drug resistance rather than reversing the MDR. In this review, we focus primarily on nanoformulations regarded as a novel approach to overcome or bypass the MDR in cancer. The nanoformulation systems serve as an attractive strategy as these nanosized materials selectively get accumulated in tumor tissues, thereby improving the clinical outcomes of patients suffering from MDR cancer. In the current work, we present an overview of recent trends in the application of various nano-formulations, belonging to different mechanistic classes and functionalization like carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanospheres, liposomes, dendrimers, etc., to overcome MDR in cancer. A detailed overview of these techniques will help researchers in exploring the applicability of nanotechnologybased approaches to treat MDR.
癌症是全球主要死因之一。化疗和放疗是癌症治疗的主要手段。多药耐药（MDR）是癌症治疗中面临的主要障碍，也是癌症复发的原因。迄今为止，已经有多项研究致力于寻找克服或逆转癌症 MDR 的策略。不幸的是，MDR 逆转剂的临床益处有限，迄今为止，治疗效果并未得到改善。因此，一些研究也侧重于克服耐药性，而不是逆转 MDR。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注纳米制剂，这些制剂被认为是克服或绕过癌症 MDR 的一种新方法。纳米制剂系统是一种有吸引力的策略，因为这些纳米材料可以选择性地在肿瘤组织中积累，从而提高患有 MDR 癌症的患者的临床效果。在目前的工作中，我们概述了各种纳米制剂在癌症 MDR 克服中的应用趋势，这些纳米制剂属于不同的作用机制类别和功能化，如碳纳米管、碳纳米角、碳纳米球、脂质体、树枝状大分子等。这些技术的详细概述将有助于研究人员探索基于纳米技术的方法在治疗 MDR 中的适用性。
