Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at Ookawa, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan.
Department of Rehabilitation, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan.
ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2022;84(6):429-437. doi: 10.1159/000523794. Epub 2022 Apr 1.
This study aims to retrospectively examine temporal changes in three aspects, i.e., olfactory threshold test, olfactory identification test, and olfactory perception on daily living test, caused by the use of the nasal airflow-inducing maneuver (NAIM).
The olfactory threshold test (Sniffin' Sticks test), olfactory identification test (Open Essence [OE]), and olfactory perception on daily living test (self-administered odor question; SAOQ) were administered to 46 patients who had undergone a total laryngectomy (NAIM Start group: 17; Using group: 19; and Nonuse group: 10). The tests were immediately performed after the NAIM and again after an average of 8 months.
In the NAIM Start group, all olfactory functions significantly improved in the second test compared with the first test (Sniffin' Sticks test and OE, p < 0.01 for both; self-administered, p < 0.05). Additionally, in terms of the intergroup changes among scores for the Sniffin' Sticks test and OE, the NAIM Start group showed a significant difference compared with all of the other groups (Start group > Using and Nonuse group, p < 0.01). The NAIM Using group did not exhibit any significant changes. In the NAIM Nonuse group, olfactory identification function was lower in the second test compared with the first test and showed a trend toward a significant difference (OE, p < 0.1). Temporal changes in SAOQ showed a significant increase in all intragroup comparisons. However, there were no significant differences observed in terms of the changes between the groups.
The results demonstrated that even in those who were not using NAIM and undergoing olfactory rehabilitation after laryngectomy (NAIM Start group), the subsequent daily use of NAIM and voluntary rehabilitation aided in the recovery of olfactory function to the same level as that in the already using NAIM group. SAOQ results were considered because of the experimenter effect and they appeared to be unrelated to use NAIM. This study showed that in total laryngectomy patients who did not receive olfactory rehabilitation, olfactory identification was reduced.
本研究旨在回顾性研究使用鼻腔气流诱导手法（NAIM）后嗅觉阈测试、嗅觉识别测试和日常生活嗅觉感知测试三个方面的时间变化。
对 46 例全喉切除术患者（NAIM 起始组 17 例，使用组 19 例，非使用组 10 例）进行嗅觉阈测试（Sniffin' Sticks 测试）、嗅觉识别测试（Open Essence [OE]）和日常生活嗅觉感知测试（自我管理气味问卷；SAOQ）。NAIM 后立即进行测试，平均 8 个月后再次进行测试。
在 NAIM 起始组中，所有嗅觉功能在第二次测试中均明显优于第一次测试（Sniffin' Sticks 测试和 OE，均为 p < 0.01；自我管理，p < 0.05）。此外，在 Sniffin' Sticks 测试和 OE 评分的组间变化方面，NAIM 起始组与其他所有组之间存在显著差异（起始组>使用组和非使用组，p < 0.01）。NAIM 使用组没有任何显著变化。在 NAIM 非使用组中，第二次测试的嗅觉识别功能较第一次测试降低，且呈显著差异趋势（OE，p < 0.1）。SAOQ 的时间变化显示所有组内比较均显著增加。然而，各组之间的变化没有观察到显著差异。
结果表明，即使在未使用 NAIM 且在喉切除术后进行嗅觉康复的患者中（NAIM 起始组），随后每日使用 NAIM 和自愿康复有助于恢复嗅觉功能至已使用 NAIM 组的水平。由于实验者效应，SAOQ 结果被认为与使用 NAIM 无关。本研究表明，在未接受嗅觉康复的全喉切除术患者中，嗅觉识别能力降低。
