School of Medicine Avenida Dr. Fedriani s/n 41009-Seville, Spain
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2022 May 1;27(3):e223-e229. doi: 10.4317/medoral.25063.
The coronavirus pandemic has impacted health systems worldwide, with Spain being one of the most affected countries. However, little is known about the extent to which the effects of staying home, social distancing, and quarantine measures have influenced the epidemiology of patients with maxillofacial trauma. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the incidence, demographic patterns, and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in the largest hospital in southern Spain.
Data from patients who underwent surgery for maxillofacial fractures during the first year of the pandemic between 16 March 2020 and 14 March 2021 (pandemic group) were retrospectively compared with a control group during the equivalent period of the previous year (pre-pandemic group). The incidence was compared by weeks and by lockdown periods of the population. Demographic information, aetioloy, fracture characteristics, treatment performed, and days of preoperative stay were evaluated. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were calculated (p<0.05).
During the first year of the pandemic, there was a 35.2% reduction in maxillofacial fractures (n=59) compared to the pre-pandemic year (n=91, p=0.040). A significant drop was detected during the total home lockdown period of the population (p=0.028). In the pandemic group, there was a reduction in fractures due to interpersonal aggressions, an increase in panfacial fractures, a significant increase in other non-facial injuries associated with polytrauma (p=0.037), a higher number of open reduction procedures with internal fixation, and a significantly longer mean preoperative stay (p=0.016).
The first pandemic year was associated with a decline in the frequency of maxillofacial trauma and a change in the pattern and characteristics of fractures. Inter-annual epidemiological knowledge of maxillofacial fractures may be useful for more efficient planning of resource allocation and surgical practice strategy during future coronavirus outbreaks and population lockdowns.
冠状病毒大流行对全球卫生系统造成了影响，西班牙是受影响最严重的国家之一。然而，对于居家、社交距离和隔离措施的影响在多大程度上影响了颌面创伤患者的流行病学，知之甚少。本研究旨在分析冠状病毒大流行对西班牙南部最大医院颌面骨折发病率、人口统计学模式和特征的影响。
回顾性比较了 2020 年 3 月 16 日至 2021 年 3 月 14 日大流行期间因颌面骨折接受手术的患者（大流行组）与前一年同期的对照组（大流行前组）的数据。通过周和人口封锁期比较发病率。评估了人口统计学信息、病因、骨折特征、所进行的治疗和术前停留天数。计算了描述性和双变量统计数据（p<0.05）。
与大流行前一年（n=91，p=0.040）相比，大流行第一年颌面骨折减少了 35.2%（n=59）。在人口完全居家封锁期间发现显著下降（p=0.028）。在大流行组中，人际暴力引起的骨折减少，泛面骨折增加，与多发伤相关的其他非面部损伤显著增加（p=0.037），切开复位内固定术的数量增加，术前停留时间明显延长（p=0.016）。
第一年大流行与颌面创伤频率下降以及骨折模式和特征变化相关。颌面骨折的年度流行病学知识可能有助于在未来冠状病毒爆发和人口封锁期间更有效地规划资源分配和手术实践策略。
