Husain Asif, Chanana Harshit, Khan Shah Alam, Dhanalekshmi U M, Ali M, Alghamdi Anwar A, Ahmad Aftab
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 17;9:746881. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.746881. eCollection 2022.
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring water-soluble flavonoids abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. They are polymethoxyderivatives of 2-phenyl-benzopyrylium or flavylium salts. Delphinidin (Dp) is a purple-colored plant pigment, which occurs in a variety of berries, eggplant, roselle, and wine. It is found in a variety of glycosidic forms ranging from glucoside to arabinoside. Dp is highly active in its aglycone form, but the presence of a sugar moiety is vital for its bioavailability. Several animal and human clinical studies have shown that it exerts beneficial effects on gut microbiota. Dp exhibits a variety of useful biological activities by distinct and complex mechanisms. This manuscript highlights the basic characteristics, chemistry, biosynthesis, stability profiling, chemical synthesis, physicochemical parameters along with various analytical methods developed for extraction, isolation and characterization, diverse biological activities and granted patents to this lead anthocyanin molecule, Dp. This review aims to open pathways for further exploration and research investigation on the true potential of the naturally occurring purple pigment (Dp) in its anthocyanidin and anthocyanin forms beyond nutrition.
花青素是天然存在的水溶性黄酮类化合物，大量存在于水果和蔬菜中。它们是2-苯基苯并吡喃鎓或黄酮盐的多甲氧基衍生物。飞燕草素（Dp）是一种紫色植物色素，存在于多种浆果、茄子、玫瑰茄和葡萄酒中。它以从葡萄糖苷到阿拉伯糖苷等多种糖苷形式存在。Dp的苷元形式具有很高的活性，但糖基部分的存在对其生物利用度至关重要。多项动物和人体临床研究表明，它对肠道微生物群有有益作用。Dp通过独特而复杂的机制展现出多种有用的生物活性。本文着重介绍了Dp这种主要花青素分子的基本特征、化学性质、生物合成、稳定性概况、化学合成、物理化学参数，以及为其提取、分离和表征开发的各种分析方法、多样的生物活性和已获批的专利。本综述旨在为进一步探索和研究这种天然存在的紫色色素（Dp）以花青素和花色苷形式存在时除营养之外的真正潜力开辟途径。
