Sleep Medicine Disorders, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 4534Baptist Health Hospital, Madisonville, Kentucky, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12254University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Madisonville, Kentucky, USA.
Clin EEG Neurosci. 2023 Jan;54(1):12-20. doi: 10.1177/15500594221090067. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
As a universal, evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, sleep serves many roles, with an integral role in memory. This interplay has been examined in a variety of research. The purpose of this article will be to review the literature of sleep, aging, cognition, and the impact of two common clinical conditions (obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia) on cognitive impairment. This article will review data from meta-analyses, population studies, smaller cohort studies, neuropsychological studies, imaging, and bench data. Considerations are given to the current data trends and their limitations. This paper will explore the impact of sleep on cognitive impairment. Finally, we will conclude with integrating the separate mechanisms towards more generalized common pathways: disruption of sleep quality and reduction in sleep quantity lead to excessive neuronal activity without sufficient time for homeostasis. Sleep apnea and chronic insomnia can lead to oxidative stress and neuronal damage. These changes predispose and culminate in the development of cognitive impairment.
作为一种普遍存在、进化上保守的现象，睡眠具有多种功能，在记忆中起着重要作用。这一相互作用在各种研究中都得到了检验。本文的目的将是回顾睡眠、衰老、认知以及两种常见临床疾病（阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和失眠）对认知障碍的影响的文献。本文将回顾来自荟萃分析、人群研究、较小队列研究、神经心理学研究、影像学和基础数据的研究。考虑了当前数据趋势及其局限性。本文将探讨睡眠对认知障碍的影响。最后，我们将整合单独的机制，得出更普遍的共同途径：睡眠质量的破坏和睡眠量的减少导致过度的神经元活动，而没有足够的时间进行自我平衡。睡眠呼吸暂停和慢性失眠会导致氧化应激和神经元损伤。这些变化使认知障碍易于发生，并最终导致认知障碍的发展。
