Central venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to recovery after pulmonary endarterectomy in patients with decompensated right heart failure.

INTRODUCTION

Patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and decompensated right heart failure (DRHF) have worse outcomes after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). We reviewed the role of central veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) as a bridge to recovery after PEA in these patients.

METHODS

Of 388 consecutive patients undergoing PEA, 40 (10.3%) were admitted with DRHF before PEA. This group was compared to the remaining 348 patients undergoing PEA (elective group). We also compared 2 periods: 2005-2013 (n = 120) and 2014-2019 (n = 268) after which early central VA-ECMO was introduced as a strategy to manage difficulty weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

RESULTS

The proportion of patients with DRHF remained similar between the first and second period (13% vs 9%, p = .2). The number of VA-ECMO bridge to recovery increased from 0.8% in 2005-2013 to 6.3% in 2014-2019 (p = .02). In the second period, 29% of DRHF patients were transitioned intraoperatively from CPB to central VA-ECMO for a median duration of 3 (2-7) days. After the introduction of central VA-ECMO as a bridge to recovery, the hospital mortality in patients with DRHF dropped from 31% in 2005-2013 to 4% in 2014-2019 (p = .03). In the long-term, the functional recovery and survival after discharged from hospital was similar between the DRHF group and the elective group. However, at 5 years, DRHF patients more frequently required PH targeted medical therapy (45% vs 20% in the elective group, p = .002).

CONCLUSIONS

Central VA-ECMO as a bridge to recovery is an important treatment strategy that can decrease hospital mortality in patients with DRHF and lead to excellent long-term outcome.