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宏基因组测序和逆转录聚合酶链反应显示，手机和环境表面是多种耐药超级细菌和 SARS-CoV-2 的储库。

Metagenomic Sequencing and Reverse Transcriptase PCR Reveal That Mobile Phones and Environmental Surfaces Are Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Superbugs and SARS-CoV-2.

机构信息

College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

出版信息

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Mar 8;12:806077. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.806077. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2022.806077
PMID:35372113
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8964345/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Mobile phones of healthcare workers (HCWs) can act as fomites in the dissemination of microbes. This study was carried out to investigate microbial contamination of mobile phones of HCWs and environmental samples from the hospital unit using a combination of phenotypic and molecular methods.

METHODS

This point prevalence survey was carried out at the Emergency unit of a tertiary care facility. The emergency unit has two zones, a general zone for non-COVID-19 patients and a dedicated COVID-19 zone for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients. Swabs were obtained from the mobile phones of HCWs in both zones for bacterial culture and shotgun metagenomic analysis. Metagenomic sequencing of pooled environmental swabs was conducted. RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection was carried out.

RESULTS

Bacteria contamination on culture was detected from 33 (94.2%) mobile phones with a preponderance of (/ = 18/35), (/ = 13/35), and (/ = 7/35). Two methicillin-sensitive and three methicillin-resistant , and one pan-drug-resistant carbapenemase producer were detected. Shotgun metagenomic analysis showed high signature of in mobile phone and environmental samples with preponderance of bacteriophages. and spp. were the predominant fungi detected. Fourteen mobile phones and one environmental sample harbored protists. antimicrobial resistance genes mostly encoding for efflux pump systems were detected. The virulent factor genes detected were related to motility, adherence, aggregation, and biofilms. One mobile phone from the COVID-19 zone (/ = 1/5; 20%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 detection while all other phone and environmental samples were negative.

CONCLUSION

The findings demonstrate that mobile phones of HCWs are fomites for potentially pathogenic and highly drug-resistant microbes. The presence of these microbes on the mobile phones and hospital environmental surfaces is a concern as it poses a risk of pathogen transfer to patients and dissemination into the community.

摘要

背景

医护人员（HCWs）的手机可能成为微生物传播的媒介。本研究采用表型和分子方法相结合，调查了 HCWs 手机和医院环境样本中微生物的污染情况。

方法

本研究为横断面研究，在三级医疗机构的急诊部门进行。急诊部门有两个区域，一个是非 COVID-19 患者的普通区域，一个是为确诊或疑似 COVID-19 患者设置的专门 COVID-19 区域。从两个区域的 HCWs 手机上采集拭子进行细菌培养和 shotgun 宏基因组分析。对混合环境拭子进行宏基因组测序。进行 SARS-CoV-2 检测的 RT-PCR。

结果

培养法检测到 33 部（94.2%）手机存在细菌污染，其中优势菌为 （/ = 18/35）、 （/ = 13/35）和 （/ = 7/35）。检出 2 株耐甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌和 3 株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，1 株泛耐药碳青霉烯酶产酶肠杆菌科细菌。Shotgun 宏基因组分析显示，手机和环境样本中存在大量的 ，优势菌为 噬菌体。主要检出的真菌为 和 spp.。14 部手机和 1 个环境样本中存在原生动物。检测到的 14 种抗生素耐药基因主要编码外排泵系统。检测到的毒力因子基因与运动性、黏附性、聚集性和生物膜形成有关。COVID-19 区域的 1 部手机（/ = 1/5；20%）检测到 SARS-CoV-2 阳性，而其他手机和环境样本均为阴性。

结论

研究结果表明，HCWs 的手机是潜在致病性和高度耐药性微生物的媒介。手机和医院环境表面存在这些微生物令人担忧，因为这可能导致病原体向患者转移并传播到社区。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/68a9daf91120/fcimb-12-806077-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/096c7c0ec9ac/fcimb-12-806077-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/66da46f55536/fcimb-12-806077-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/9bb28b715414/fcimb-12-806077-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/5d8715cdf3cd/fcimb-12-806077-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/c8d9dac89098/fcimb-12-806077-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/68a9daf91120/fcimb-12-806077-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/096c7c0ec9ac/fcimb-12-806077-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/66da46f55536/fcimb-12-806077-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/9bb28b715414/fcimb-12-806077-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/5d8715cdf3cd/fcimb-12-806077-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/c8d9dac89098/fcimb-12-806077-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e69/8964345/68a9daf91120/fcimb-12-806077-g006.jpg

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