Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Institute of Earth Resources, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia.
Faculty of Business Economy, University of Economics, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Public Health. 2022 Mar 16;10:851061. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.851061. eCollection 2022.
Altogether, 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an urgent call for action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. Goal 3 is crucial in terms of good health and wellbeing. The main aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate differences among indicators of SDG 3: Sustainable health and wellbeing in the EU countries.
The status and development of the EU Member States regarding their successes or failures in terms of Goal 3 were subjected to analysis. Altogether, 11 indicators were used to rank the EU countries using the TOPSIS and ranking methods. The ranks were assigned to the countries in two periods. The first period is related to the time from 2010 till 2014, and the second period from 2015 till 2019.
The EU countries achieved a positive development in 10 of 11 indicators that monitor the achievement of the EU in terms of Goal 3. The only variable that changed negatively was the obesity rate. Positivity was observed in the decline of the standardized preventable and treatable mortality, which declined from 317.3 in the first period to 295 in the second period; the drop of the population weighted annual mean concentration of fine particulate PM2.5, from 16.4 to 13.6 μg/m, and also in the increase of the share of people with good or very good perceived health, which was combined with a decrease of the self-reported unmet need for medical examination and care. The best-rated country in terms of SDG 3 was, in both periods, Sweden, while the worst-rated was Latvia.
Governments and institutions in the EU can intervene to increase the accessibility and quality of the health care system, but every citizen should try to do their best to reduce some of the risk factors, such as smoking or obesity, to try living healthier and to help to achieve higher ambitions in terms of sustainable health and wellbeing.
总共 17 个可持续发展目标（SDG）是一项紧急行动呼吁，旨在消除贫困、保护地球并确保所有人的繁荣。目标 3 在健康和福利方面至关重要。本研究的主要目的是分析和评估欧盟国家可持续健康和福利目标 3 指标之间的差异。
分析了欧盟成员国在实现目标 3 方面的成功或失败情况。总共使用了 11 项指标，使用 TOPSIS 和排名方法对欧盟国家进行排名。在两个时期内对这些国家进行排名。第一个时期是 2010 年至 2014 年，第二个时期是 2015 年至 2019 年。
在监测欧盟在实现目标 3 方面取得进展的 11 项指标中，欧盟国家在 10 项指标中取得了积极进展。唯一变化为负面的变量是肥胖率。在标准化可预防和可治疗死亡率的下降方面观察到了积极的趋势，该比率从第一期的 317.3 下降到第二期的 295；人群加权年平均细颗粒物 PM2.5 浓度的下降，从 16.4 降至 13.6μg/m，以及良好或非常好的感知健康的人群比例的增加，同时自我报告的未满足的医疗检查和护理需求减少。在目标 3 方面，瑞典在两个时期都是评分最高的国家，而拉脱维亚则是评分最低的国家。
欧盟各国政府和机构可以采取干预措施，提高医疗保健系统的可及性和质量，但每个公民都应该尽力减少一些风险因素，如吸烟或肥胖，以尝试更健康地生活，并帮助实现可持续健康和福利方面的更高目标。
