Guran Catherine-Noémie Alexandrina, Deuker Lorena, Göttlich Martin, Axmacher Nikolai, Bunzeck Nico
Department of Psychology I, University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 9a, Lübeck 23562, Germany.
Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany.
Cereb Cortex Commun. 2022 Feb 17;3(1):tgac009. doi: 10.1093/texcom/tgac009. eCollection 2022.
Retrieval practice improves retention of information in long-term memory more than restudy, but the underlying neural mechanisms of this "retrieval practice effect" (RPE) remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the behavioral and neural differences between previously retrieved versus restudied items at final retrieval. Thirty younger (20-30 years old) and twenty-five older (50+ years old) adults learned familiar and new picture stimuli either through retrieval or restudy. At final recognition, hemodynamic activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behaviorally, younger and older adults showed similar benefits of retrieval practice, with higher recollection, but unchanged familiarity rates. In a univariate analysis of the fMRI data, activation in medial prefrontal cortex and left temporal regions correlated with an individual's amount of behavioral benefit from retrieval practice, irrespective of age. Compatible with this observation, in a multivariate representational similarity analysis (RSA), retrieval practice led to an increase in pattern similarity for retested items in a priori defined regions of interest, including the medial temporal lobe, as well as prefrontal and parietal cortex. Our findings demonstrate that retrieval practice leads to enhanced long-term memories in younger and older adults alike, and this effect may be driven by fast consolidation processes.
与重新学习相比，检索练习能更有效地提高长期记忆中信息的保留率，但这种“检索练习效应”（RPE）背后的神经机制仍知之甚少。因此，我们研究了在最终检索时，之前检索过的项目与重新学习过的项目在行为和神经方面的差异。30名年轻成年人（20 - 30岁）和25名年长成年人（50岁以上）通过检索或重新学习的方式学习熟悉和新的图片刺激。在最终识别时，使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）测量血液动力学活动情况。在行为方面，年轻和年长成年人在检索练习中表现出相似的益处，回忆率更高，但熟悉率没有变化。在对fMRI数据的单变量分析中，内侧前额叶皮层和左侧颞叶区域的激活与个体从检索练习中获得的行为益处程度相关，与年龄无关。与此观察结果一致，在多变量表征相似性分析（RSA）中，检索练习导致在先验定义的感兴趣区域（包括内侧颞叶以及前额叶和顶叶皮层）中重新测试项目的模式相似性增加。我们的研究结果表明，检索练习能增强年轻和年长成年人的长期记忆，这种效应可能是由快速巩固过程驱动的。
