Kamal Md Mustafa, Ashraf Imtiaz, Fernandez Eugene
Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec;29(57):86376-86399. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19949-7. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
The global population continually increases, and providing power and ensuring sustainable development is becoming increasingly challenging. As a result of increased industrialization and mobility, population growth produces changes in land usage and greenhouse gas emissions. Air quality is influenced by the amount of energy used. The release of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere harms the ecosystem. Although renewable energy sources can help reduce carbon emissions, their unreliability means that energy output is unpredictable, necessitating the development of battery storage to bridge the demand-supply gap. Much attention has been paid to combining renewable energy sources with batteries into rural electrification. The designing and operation of a rural standalone microgrid with electrical loads modeled for the electrification energy deficient village of Uttarakhand (India). The proposed work optimized the component size, cost of energy, net present cost, and pollutant emission reduction in the environment. The optimization is carried out using the gray wolf optimization algorithm. Four different microgrid systems are investigated for the feasibility evaluation of cost-effective rural power. A comparative evaluation of models is provided based on environmental and economic factors. The optimum design has an energy cost of 0.313 $/kWh and a net present cost of $ 65,241.32. The second arrangement, which has the most significant level of renewable energy penetration (90%), has provided a reliable power supply to the region. On the other hand, the proposed design satisfied all constraints while retaining a competitive energy cost.
全球人口持续增长，提供电力并确保可持续发展正变得越来越具有挑战性。由于工业化和流动性的增加，人口增长导致土地使用和温室气体排放发生变化。空气质量受能源使用量的影响。二氧化碳和其他污染物排放到大气中会损害生态系统。尽管可再生能源有助于减少碳排放，但其不可靠性意味着能源输出不可预测，因此需要开发电池存储来弥合供需差距。人们非常关注将可再生能源与电池结合用于农村电气化。针对印度北阿坎德邦一个电气化能源匮乏村庄的电气负载，设计并运行了一个农村独立微电网。所提出的工作优化了组件尺寸、能源成本、净现值以及环境中的污染物减排。使用灰狼优化算法进行优化。研究了四种不同的微电网系统，以评估具有成本效益的农村电力的可行性。基于环境和经济因素对模型进行了比较评估。最优设计的能源成本为0.313美元/千瓦时，净现值为65,241.32美元。第二种配置具有最高的可再生能源渗透率（90%），为该地区提供了可靠的电力供应。另一方面，所提出的设计满足了所有约束条件，同时保持了具有竞争力的能源成本。
