Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug;29(39):58869-58880. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19990-6. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
Reported evidence has increasingly indicated that exposure to phthalates can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, phthalate exposure levels among pregnant women remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the concentrations and predictors of phthalate metabolites in urine samples of the ongoing Zunyi cohort of pregnant women from Southwest China. The urine samples were collected from 1003 pregnant women during their third trimester of pregnancy. The concentrations of nine phthalate metabolites in urine samples were then determined. Data on socio-demographic profiles of the participants, lifestyle during pregnancy, parity, and sampling season were collected using questionnaires. The detectable rate of phthalate metabolites ranged from 76 to 100%. On average, mono-butyl phthalate exhibited the highest median concentration (62.45 μg/L), while mono-benzyl phthalate exhibited the lowest median concentration (0.04 μg/L). Urine concentrations of phthalate metabolites were significantly higher in older, multiparous, higher body mass index, higher income, and passive smoking during pregnancy participants. The levels of low-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites were highest during the summer. The findings indicate the health of pregnant women and fetuses in Zunyi may be generally harmed by the high exposure of phthalate metabolites, especially by mono-n-butyl phthalate. In addition, phthalate metabolites present a demographic and seasonal differential distribution among the study population. Targeted measures to reduce phthalate exposure for high-risk pregnant women and during high-exposure seasons may have potential benefits for maternal and fetal health protection.
已有越来越多的证据表明，邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的暴露可能会导致不良妊娠结局。然而，孕妇邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的暴露水平仍不清楚。我们旨在评估中国西南遵义正在进行的孕妇队列中尿液样本中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的浓度和预测因素。从 1003 名孕妇的妊娠晚期收集尿液样本。然后测定尿液样本中 9 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的浓度。使用问卷收集了参与者的社会人口统计学特征、妊娠期间的生活方式、产次和采样季节的数据。邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的检出率为 76%至 100%。平均而言，单丁基邻苯二甲酸酯表现出最高的中位数浓度（62.45μg/L），而单苄基邻苯二甲酸酯表现出最低的中位数浓度（0.04μg/L）。在年龄较大、多产、较高体重指数、较高收入和妊娠期间被动吸烟的参与者中，邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的尿液浓度明显较高。低分子量邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的水平在夏季最高。研究结果表明，遵义地区孕妇和胎儿的健康可能普遍受到邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物高暴露的损害，尤其是单正丁基邻苯二甲酸酯。此外，邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物在研究人群中表现出人口统计学和季节性差异分布。针对高危孕妇和高暴露季节减少邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的针对性措施可能对保护母婴健康具有潜在益处。
