Department of Fisheries Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality control (DFPTQ), Fisheries Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Nutrients. 2019 Nov 20;11(12):2843. doi: 10.3390/nu11122843.
Within Cambodia, micronutrient deficiencies continue to be prevalent in vulnerable groups, such as women and children. Fortification of staple foods such as rice could be a promising strategy for Cambodia to improve micronutrient status.
Our objective was to investigate the impact of multiple-micronutrient fortified rice (MMFR), distributed through a World Food Program school-meals program (WFP-SMP) on serum zinc concentrations and folate status in a double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Sixteen schools were randomly assigned to receive one of three different types of extruded-fortified rice (UltraRice Original (URO), UltraRice New (URN), or NutriRice) or unfortified rice (placebo) six days a week for six months. A total of 1950 schoolchildren (6-16 years old) participated in the study. Serum zinc (all groups) and folate (only in NutriRice and placebo group) concentrations were assessed from morning non-fasting antecubital blood samples and were measured at three time points (baseline and after three and six months).
After six months of intervention, serum zinc concentrations were significantly increased in all fortified rice group compared to placebo and baseline (0.98, 0.85 and 1.40 µmol/L for URO, URN and NutriRice, respectively) (interaction effect: < 0.001 for all). Children in the intervention groups had a risk of zinc deficiencies of around one third (0.35, 039, and 0.28 for URO, URN, and NutriRice, respectively) compared to the placebo ( < 0.001 for all). The children receiving NutriRice had higher serum folate concentrations at endline compared to children receiving normal rice (+ 2.25 ng/mL, = 0.007).
This study showed that the high prevalence of zinc and folate deficiency in Cambodia can be improved through the provision of MMFR. As rice is the staple diet for Cambodia, MMFR should be considered to be included in the school meal program and possibilities should be explored to introduce MMFR to the general population.
在柬埔寨，妇女和儿童等弱势群体仍然普遍存在微量营养素缺乏症。强化大米等主食可能是柬埔寨改善微量营养素状况的一项有前途的战略。
我们的目的是在一项双盲、整群随机、安慰剂对照试验中研究通过世界粮食计划署学校供餐计划（WFP-SMP）分发的多种微量营养素强化大米（MMFR）对血清锌浓度和叶酸状况的影响。
将 16 所学校随机分为三组，分别接受三种不同类型的挤压强化大米（UltraRice Original（URO）、UltraRice New（URN）或 NutriRice）或未强化大米（安慰剂），每周六天，持续六个月。共有 1950 名学龄儿童（6-16 岁）参加了这项研究。血清锌（所有组）和叶酸（仅在 NutriRice 和安慰剂组）浓度从早晨非空腹肘前血样中评估，并在三个时间点（基线和三个月和六个月后）测量。
干预六个月后，与安慰剂和基线相比，所有强化大米组的血清锌浓度均显著升高（URO、URN 和 NutriRice 分别为 0.98、0.85 和 1.40 µmol/L）（交互效应：<0.001 所有）。与安慰剂相比，干预组的儿童缺锌风险约为三分之一（URO、URN 和 NutriRice 分别为 0.35、0.39 和 0.28）（所有均<0.001）。与食用普通大米的儿童相比，食用 NutriRice 的儿童在终点时的血清叶酸浓度更高（+2.25ng/mL，=0.007）。
这项研究表明，柬埔寨高发的锌和叶酸缺乏症可以通过提供 MMFR 得到改善。由于大米是柬埔寨的主食，因此应该考虑在学校膳食计划中加入 MMFR，并探索将 MMFR 引入普通人群的可能性。
