Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
J Diabetes Investig. 2022 Jul;13(7):1114-1121. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13799. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) significantly induce advanced coronary artery disease and systemic atherosclerosis. Thus, type 2 diabetes mellitus and IGT are traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease. In contrast, acute coronary syndrome is frequently caused by the rupture of coronary atherosclerotic plaques, which reduces patients' quality of life and might result in death. To date, many trials have sought to identify ways to determine the coronary plaque volume and its vulnerability, and many studies have shown that some specific antihyperglycemic agents might prevent coronary or carotid plaque progression, decrease plaque volume, induce plaque stability, and improve clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and IGT. This article reviews the following: (i) the association between coronary or carotid plaques and abnormal glucose tolerance, including type 2 diabetes mellitus; and (ii) the effects of oral antihyperglycemic drugs to improve clinical outcomes and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and IGT.
2 型糖尿病和糖耐量受损（IGT）可显著诱导严重的冠状动脉疾病和全身动脉粥样硬化。因此，2 型糖尿病和 IGT 是心血管疾病的传统危险因素。相反，急性冠状动脉综合征通常由冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂引起，降低了患者的生活质量，可能导致死亡。迄今为止，许多试验都试图确定确定冠状动脉斑块体积及其脆弱性的方法，许多研究表明，一些特定的降糖药物可能预防冠状动脉或颈动脉斑块进展，减少斑块体积，诱导斑块稳定，并改善 2 型糖尿病和 IGT 患者的临床结局。本文综述了以下内容：（i）冠状动脉或颈动脉斑块与异常糖代谢之间的关系，包括 2 型糖尿病；（ii）口服降糖药物改善 2 型糖尿病和 IGT 患者临床结局和稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块的作用。
