Early life indicators of first lactation milk yield and the effect of treatment for bovine respiratory disease on survivability and risk of pregnancy in Holstein dairy cattle.

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of variables that could be measured early in life on first lactation milk production. The secondary objective was to evaluate the long-term effects of treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD), within the first 120 days of life, on survivability to 850 days and reproductive success. Data from Holstein heifer calves was collected from 1 October, 2015-31 January, 2020 and included milk consumption (MC; n = 10,431), bodyweight (BW; n = 9,825), average daily gain (ADG; n = 6,194), heifer conception age (n = 10,112), and 305-day first lactation milk production (305 M; n = 5,823), and treatment records for BRD (n = 12,485). Calves were fed pasteurized whole milk through an automated calf feeding system for 60 days (range, 48 - 126 days), with a 30% crude protein (CP) and 5% crude fat enhancer added at 20 g/L milk. Calves were weighed at birth, weaning, and several other times prior to 2 years of age. Daily BW were predicted for individual animals using a third order orthogonal polynomial to model individual BW regressions. Daily BW predictions were used to calculate ADG and BW predictions on specific days of interest. Season born, ADG (0-400 days), milk production potential, and heifer conception age had a significant impact on 305-day first lactation milk production (all P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.31). A retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing data collected from a commercial farm with cohorts defined by BRD status. Calves treated for BRD from 61 to 120 days old had a significantly lower chance of survival to 850 days of age than animals not treated for BRD. Additionally, calves treated for BRD from 61 to 120 days old had reduced risk of pregnancy. The results show the impact of early life on future milk production, survivability, and pregnancy risk on a commercial dairy herd.