Zhang Xi, Zhang Qianqian, Zhan Liping, Xu Xintong, Bi Ruiyu, Xiong Zhengqin
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Jul 1;313:114972. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114972. Epub 2022 Apr 1.
Biochar is widely used for soil carbon sequestration and fertility improvement. However, the effects of biochar interacted with nitrogen (N) on the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial community have not been thoroughly understood, particularly no reports have been published on the long term effects of biochar in vegetable field. Here, we examined soil properties, SOC mineralization and microbial community affecting by biochar (0, 20 and 40 t ha; C0, C1 and C2, respectively), N (0 or 240 t ha; N0 or N1, respectively) and their interaction in a greenhouse vegetable field. Results indicated that biochar addition increased soil pH, SOC, recalcitrant C pool, especially for the 40 t ha treatment. Biochar addition generally decreased soil C-cycling enzyme activity while increasing N and P-cycling enzyme and oxidase activities. Biochar combined with N addition reduced SOC mineralization rate and metabolic quotient (qCO) by 10.2-22.0% and 6.85-30.4%, respectively, across 15-35 °C and the temperature sensitivity (Q) by 0.96-4.70%, except for the N1C2 at 25-35 °C. Apparent changes in bacterial alpha diversity and community structures were observed among treatments. Besides, biochar mixed with N application significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased Acidobacteria, while did not result in significant differences in fungal diversity and community composition. Redundancy analysis indicated that the microbial community composition shifts induced by the interaction between N and biochar were attributed to the changes in soil chemical properties, such as pH and SOC. Overall, the combination of biochar and N fertilizer is recommended to improve SOC sequestration potential and regulate bacterial community diversity and composition in vegetable field for sustainable intensification.
生物炭被广泛用于土壤碳固存和肥力提升。然而，生物炭与氮（N）相互作用对土壤有机碳（SOC）矿化和微生物群落的影响尚未被充分理解，特别是在蔬菜地中生物炭的长期影响尚无相关报道。在此，我们研究了生物炭（分别为0、20和40 t·ha；即C0、C1和C2）、氮（分别为0或240 t·ha；即N0或N1）及其相互作用对温室蔬菜地土壤性质、SOC矿化和微生物群落的影响。结果表明，添加生物炭提高了土壤pH值、SOC、难降解碳库，特别是40 t·ha处理。添加生物炭通常会降低土壤碳循环酶活性，同时增加氮和磷循环酶及氧化酶活性。在15 - 35°C范围内，生物炭与氮添加相结合使SOC矿化率和代谢商（qCO）分别降低了10.2 - 22.0%和6.85 - 30.4%，温度敏感性（Q）降低了0.96 - 4.70%，25 - 35°C时的N1C2处理除外。各处理间观察到细菌α多样性和群落结构有明显变化。此外，生物炭与氮共同施用显著提高了变形菌门的相对丰度，降低了酸杆菌门的相对丰度，而对真菌多样性和群落组成没有显著影响。冗余分析表明，氮与生物炭相互作用引起的微生物群落组成变化归因于土壤化学性质的改变，如pH值和SOC。总体而言，建议将生物炭与氮肥结合使用，以提高蔬菜地SOC固存潜力，调节细菌群落多样性和组成，实现可持续集约化生产。
