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A comparative analysis of the conditional reflex discoveries of Pavlov and Twitmyer, and the birth of a paradigm.

作者信息

Windholz G

出版信息

Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1986 Oct-Dec;21(4):141-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02734512.

DOI:10.1007/BF02734512
PMID:3537945
Abstract

Research on conditional reflex (CR) in Pavlov's Physiological Laboratory has preceded Twitmyer's work on conditioning at the University of Pennsylvania by 3 or 4 years. The events in Pavlov's laboratory lead toward the postulation of a new paradigm that rejected the Cartesians conceptualization of the reflex as a mechanistic response to stimuli by replacing it with the Darwinian notion of the organism's adaptation to the environmental conditions. The Pavlovian paradigm rejected the Wundtian method in favor of the objective, conditional reflex method.

摘要

相似文献

1
A comparative analysis of the conditional reflex discoveries of Pavlov and Twitmyer, and the birth of a paradigm.
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1986 Oct-Dec;21(4):141-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02734512.
2
Eponymy, obscurity, Twitmyer, and Pavlov.
J Hist Behav Sci. 1982 Jul;18(3):255-62. doi: 10.1002/1520-6696(198207)18:3<255::aid-jhbs2300180306>3.0.co;2-y.
3
The discovery of the principles of reinforcement, extinction, generalization, and differentiation of conditional reflexes in Pavlov's laboratories.在巴甫洛夫实验室中对条件反射的强化、消退、泛化和分化原理的发现。
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1989 Apr-Jun;24(2):35-42. doi: 10.1007/BF02964534.
4
Pavlov as a psychologist. A reappraisal.作为心理学家的巴甫洛夫。重新评价。
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5
Pavlov's position toward American behaviorism.巴甫洛夫对美国行为主义的立场。
J Hist Behav Sci. 1983 Oct;19(4):394-407. doi: 10.1002/1520-6696(198310)19:4<394::aid-jhbs2300190408>3.0.co;2-f.
6
Pavlov as a psychophysiological scientist.作为一名心理生理学家的巴甫洛夫。
Brain Res Bull. 1990 May;24(5):643-9. doi: 10.1016/0361-9230(90)90002-h.
7
Pavlov's position toward Konorski and Miller's distinction between Pavlovian and motor conditioning paradigms.巴甫洛夫对科诺尔斯基和米勒关于巴甫洛夫式条件作用与运动条件作用范式区分的立场。
Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 1996 Oct-Dec;31(4):338-49. doi: 10.1007/BF02691437.
8
Pavlov's conceptualization of unconditional reflexes, or instincts, within the framework of the theory of higher nervous activity.巴甫洛夫在高级神经活动理论框架内对无条件反射或本能的概念化。
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9
Assessing Pavlov's impact on the American conditioning enterprise.评估巴甫洛夫对美国条件作用研究事业的影响。
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1988 Jul-Sep;23(3):102-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02701283.
10
The Pavlov Department of Physiology: a scientific history.巴甫洛夫生理学系：一部科学史。
Span J Psychol. 2003 Nov;6(2):112-20. doi: 10.1017/s1138741600005266.

引用本文的文献

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2
Acquisition of conditioned responding in a multiple schedule depends on the reinforcement's temporal contingency with each stimulus.在多重强化程序中条件反应的习得取决于强化与每种刺激的时间关联性。
Learn Mem. 2014 Apr 15;21(5):258-62. doi: 10.1101/lm.034231.113.
3
The classical origins of Pavlov's conditioning.巴甫洛夫条件反射的经典起源。

本文引用的文献

1
Salivary conditioning before Pavlov.
Am J Psychol. 1959 Dec;72:628-33.
2
Twitmyer and the conditioned response.
Am J Psychol. 1959 Dec;72:633-8.
3
Eponymy, obscurity, Twitmyer, and Pavlov.
J Hist Behav Sci. 1982 Jul;18(3):255-62. doi: 10.1002/1520-6696(198207)18:3<255::aid-jhbs2300180306>3.0.co;2-y.
Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 2004 Oct-Dec;39(4):279-94. doi: 10.1007/BF02734167.
4
Pavlovian George Windholz (1931-2002): an exemplar of scholarly "observation and observation" and a critical contributor to psychology, and hence to behavioral neuroscience.巴甫洛夫式的乔治·温德霍尔兹（1931 - 2002）：学术“观察与观察”的典范，心理学乃至行为神经科学的重要贡献者。
Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 2004 Apr-Jun;39(2):139-47. doi: 10.1007/BF02734279.
5
Pavlov's conceptualization of unconditional reflexes, or instincts, within the framework of the theory of higher nervous activity.巴甫洛夫在高级神经活动理论框架内对无条件反射或本能的概念化。
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1987 Oct-Dec;22(4):123-31. doi: 10.1007/BF02700139.
6
The discovery of the principles of reinforcement, extinction, generalization, and differentiation of conditional reflexes in Pavlov's laboratories.在巴甫洛夫实验室中对条件反射的强化、消退、泛化和分化原理的发现。
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1989 Apr-Jun;24(2):35-42. doi: 10.1007/BF02964534.