Choi Sanghyeon, Kim Ji-Woong, Lee Seungtaek, Yoon Woo Young, Han Yuna, Kim Ki-Joo, Rhie Jong-Won, Suh Tae-Suk, Lee Kyung-Don
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03083, Republic of Korea.
ACS Omega. 2022 Mar 16;7(12):10340-10346. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06974. eCollection 2022 Mar 29.
A composite comprising Ti and NaCl powders was sintered similar to a three-dimensional (3D)-printed patient-customized artificial bone scaffold. Additionally, a proper microstructure of the mimetic scaffold and the optimum processing parameters for its development were analyzed. The mechanical properties of the metal-based porous-structured framework used as an artificial bone scaffold were an optimum replacement for the human bone. Thus, it was confirmed that patient-customized scaffolds could be manufactured via 3D printing. The 3D-printed mimetic specimens were fabricated by a powder-sintering method using Ti for the metal parts, NaCl as the pore former, and polylactic acid as the biodegradable binder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that pores were formed homogeneously, while X-ray computed tomography confirmed that open pores were generated. The porosity and pore size distribution were measured using a mercury porosimeter, while the flexural strength and flexural elastic modulus were calculated using the three-point bending test. Based on these measurements, a pore-former content of 15 vol % optimized the density and flexural strength to 2.52 g cm and 283 MPa, respectively, similar to those of the actual iliac bone. According to the 3D-printing production method, a selective laser-sintering process was applied for the fabrication of the mimetic specimen, and it was determined that the microstructure and properties similar to those of previous metal specimens could be achieved in the as-prepared specimen. Additionally, a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) was used to coat the surfaces and interiors of the specimens for evaluating their biocompatibilities. SEM image analysis indicated that the adipose-derived stem cells grew evenly inside the pores of the coated specimens, as compared with the bulky Ti specimens without the dECM coating. The doubling time at 65% was measured at 72, 75, and 83 h for specimens with pore-former contents of 5, 10, and 15 vol %, respectively. The doubling time without the pore former was 116 h. As compared with the specimens without the pore former (73 h), 15% of the dECM-coated specimens showed a doubling time of 64%, measured at 47 h.
将包含钛粉和氯化钠粉末的复合材料烧结成类似于三维（3D）打印的患者定制人工骨支架。此外，还分析了模拟支架的适当微观结构及其开发的最佳工艺参数。用作人工骨支架的金属基多孔结构框架的力学性能是人体骨骼的最佳替代品。因此，证实了可以通过3D打印制造患者定制的支架。3D打印的模拟标本是通过粉末烧结法制造的，使用钛作为金属部件，氯化钠作为造孔剂，聚乳酸作为可生物降解的粘合剂。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像显示孔隙均匀形成，而X射线计算机断层扫描证实产生了开孔。使用压汞仪测量孔隙率和孔径分布，同时使用三点弯曲试验计算弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量。基于这些测量，15体积%的造孔剂含量分别将密度和弯曲强度优化至2.52 g/cm³和283 MPa，与实际髂骨的密度和弯曲强度相似。根据3D打印生产方法，应用选择性激光烧结工艺制造模拟标本，并确定在制备的标本中可以实现与先前金属标本相似的微观结构和性能。此外，使用脱细胞细胞外基质（dECM）涂覆标本的表面和内部以评估其生物相容性。SEM图像分析表明，与没有dECM涂层的块状钛标本相比，脂肪来源的干细胞在涂覆标本的孔隙内均匀生长。对于造孔剂含量分别为5、10和15体积%的标本，在65%时的倍增时间分别在72、75和83小时测量。没有造孔剂的标本的倍增时间为116小时。与没有造孔剂的标本（73小时）相比，15%的dECM涂覆标本在47小时测量时的倍增时间为64%。
