School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sport Management, Minnesota State University Mankato, Mankato, MN, USA.
J Sch Health. 2022 Sep;92(9):831-840. doi: 10.1111/josh.13187. Epub 2022 Apr 5.
In order to better understand some of the barriers to athletic opportunities for girls, we examined school-level characteristics to assess how they are associated with both the provision and participation in athletic opportunities for girls across US public high schools.
Cross-sectional data for this study comes from the bi-annual Civil Rights Data Collection which collects school-level information for all US public schools between the 2009-2010 through 2017-2018 school years.
Several important school-level characteristics were found to limit the provision of athletic opportunities, participation rates and athletic participation gender equity ratios for girls and included the percent of the student body who were eligible for free lunch and who were racial minorities. Moreover, the analysis found that greater provision of athletic opportunities for boys was associated with lower athletic participation gender equity ratios across US public high schools (ie, lower participation for girls when compared to boys).
This study provides evidence that schools with fewer resources and a higher proportion of disadvantaged students tend to have the fewest opportunities to participate in school-based athletics, particularly among girls. Moreover, girls' participation rates in athletics still lag behind boys despite having similar numbers of sports and sport teams.
为了更好地理解女孩参与体育运动的障碍，我们考察了学校层面的特征，以评估其与美国公立高中女生体育机会的提供和参与之间的关系。
本研究的横断面数据来自两年一次的民权数据收集，该数据收集了 2009-2010 学年至 2017-2018 学年期间美国所有公立学校的学校层面信息。
发现一些重要的学校层面特征限制了为女孩提供体育机会、参与率和体育参与性别均等比率，包括有资格享受免费午餐的学生比例和少数民族学生比例。此外，分析还发现，为男孩提供更多的体育机会与美国公立高中体育参与性别均等比率降低有关（即，与男孩相比，女孩的参与率较低）。
本研究提供的证据表明，资源较少且处境不利学生比例较高的学校往往没有多少机会参加基于学校的体育运动，尤其是女生。此外，尽管女孩参加的运动项目和运动队数量与男孩相同，但她们的参与率仍落后于男孩。
