Elhassani S B
South Med J. 1986 Dec;79(12):1535-43.
Neonates are exposed to a growing list of potentially toxic environmental and therapeutic agents. Such exposure may be through mishap, misjudgment in both drug dosage and route of administration, inadvertent misuse of medications, or improper baby care. In addition, the newborn infant may show signs of adverse reactions to a variety of drugs that are given to the mother and cross the placenta, thereby affecting the fetus before or during both labor and delivery. Because of the immaturity of the neonate's liver, lungs, kidneys, and central nervous system, the process of metabolizing and eliminating drugs and poisons is delayed. Moreover, the clinical signs and symptoms of poisoning are not always immediately recognized. Through reviewing various drugs and environmental pollutants, this article places emphasis on prevention rather than treatment.
新生儿接触到越来越多潜在有毒的环境和治疗药物。这种接触可能是由于意外、药物剂量和给药途径的判断失误、药物的无意误用或不当的婴儿护理。此外，新生儿可能会对给予母亲并穿过胎盘的多种药物表现出不良反应的迹象，从而在分娩前或分娩期间影响胎儿。由于新生儿的肝脏、肺、肾脏和中枢神经系统不成熟，药物和毒物的代谢及消除过程会延迟。此外，中毒的临床症状并不总是能立即被识别出来。通过回顾各种药物和环境污染物，本文强调预防而非治疗。
