Gracovetsky S, Farfan H
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1986 Jul-Aug;11(6):543-73. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198607000-00006.
System theory is used to describe the mechanism of the lumbar spine. The role of the spine in vertebrate evolution is presented. The importance of the intervertebral joint for the survival of the species is shown to be crucial. The mechanical behavior of the joint is derived, and from this the corresponding spinal motion and muscular responses is calculated. It is shown that physiologic behavior implies that the stress at the intervertebral joints is equalized and minimized. From this simple condition, the motion of the spine in the sagittal plane is calculated. From the analysis of sagittal plane motion together with a knowledge of the energy transfer through the intervertebral joint, a new theory of locomotion is derived. This theory of locomotion differs in important respects from current theories, but nevertheless explains available experimental data. This unified theory of the function of the human spine permits the determination of the level of safe loads that can be lifted and transported. It predicts the conditions of load transfer through a joint. It proposes a new approach to the mechanism of arthritis and to the repair of fractures.
系统理论被用于描述腰椎的机制。阐述了脊柱在脊椎动物进化中的作用。椎间关节对物种生存的重要性被证明至关重要。推导了关节的力学行为，并据此计算出相应的脊柱运动和肌肉反应。结果表明，生理行为意味着椎间关节处的应力得以均衡并最小化。基于这一简单条件，计算了脊柱在矢状面内的运动。通过对矢状面运动的分析以及对通过椎间关节的能量传递的了解，推导出一种新的运动理论。该运动理论在重要方面与当前理论不同，但仍能解释现有实验数据。这种关于人类脊柱功能的统一理论允许确定可安全提起和搬运的负荷水平。它预测了通过关节的负荷传递条件。它提出了一种针对关节炎机制和骨折修复的新方法。
