Gracovetsky S, Newman N, Pawlowsky M, Lanzo V, Davey B, Robinson L
Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995 May 1;20(9):1036-46. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199505000-00010.
A database for estimated normal spinal motion was derived using a noninvasive, high-resolution, computer-aided system, which tracks the motion of skin markers strategically placed on the spine. Forty normal subjects, selected from hundreds of possible subjects according to rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria, were tested on the system.
Patterns of estimated spinal motion were analyzed as a function of load, age, and sex, confirming a correlation between the movement of spinal segments and the motion of skin markers.
The Workers Compensation Board of Quebec funded and supervised the experiments necessary to establish a normative reference database for a high-resolution motion analysis system that permits a noninvasive assessment of spinal function. A previous study examined the correlation between the movements of the skin markers and the underlying bony structures for trunk flexion. Skin movement cannot be random and contains information characterizing both the spine and its surrounding soft tissues.
A noninvasive dynamic imaging system was used to measure normal spinal function under free movement. A high-resolution three-dimensional camera system collected basic kinematic data from strategically placed skin markers over the lumbar spine while the activity of paraspinal muscles was being recorded with surface electromyography. The measurements were analyzed for consistent, specific patterns recognizable as normal lumbar spine skin motion and reflecting normal lumbar spine function. A comparison was made with previous radiographic studies to confirm the correlation between the motion of skin markers and lumbar spine function.
Lumbar skin marker motion patterns in normal subjects were consistent and varied little with load; gender had no effect except in the initial phase of a movement. There was less mobility but similar coordination in older subjects. No inconsistencies with previous radiologic investigations were found for sagittal and lateral plane movement.
使用一种非侵入性的高分辨率计算机辅助系统建立了一个估计正常脊柱运动的数据库，该系统可追踪战略性放置在脊柱上的皮肤标记物的运动。根据严格的纳入/排除标准，从数百名可能的受试者中挑选出40名正常受试者在该系统上进行测试。
分析估计的脊柱运动模式与负荷、年龄和性别的关系，证实脊柱节段运动与皮肤标记物运动之间的相关性。
魁北克工人赔偿委员会资助并监督了建立高分辨率运动分析系统规范参考数据库所需的实验，该系统允许对脊柱功能进行非侵入性评估。此前一项研究考察了皮肤标记物运动与躯干屈曲时下方骨骼结构之间的相关性。皮肤运动并非随机的，包含表征脊柱及其周围软组织的信息。
使用非侵入性动态成像系统在自由运动状态下测量正常脊柱功能。一个高分辨率三维摄像系统收集腰椎上战略性放置的皮肤标记物的基本运动学数据，同时用表面肌电图记录椎旁肌的活动。对测量结果进行分析，以找出可识别为正常腰椎皮肤运动并反映正常腰椎功能的一致、特定模式。与之前的放射学研究进行比较，以证实皮肤标记物运动与腰椎功能之间的相关性。
正常受试者的腰椎皮肤标记物运动模式是一致的，且随负荷变化很小；除运动初始阶段外，性别没有影响。老年受试者的活动度较小，但协调性相似。在矢状面和冠状面运动方面，未发现与之前放射学研究不一致的情况。
