Costa Camila Alves, Deliberador Tatiana Miranda, Abuna Rodrigo Paolo Flores, Rodrigues Thaisângela Lopes, Souza Sérgio Luis Scombatti de, Palioto Daniela Bazan
Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial e Periodontia, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.
Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Paraná, Brasil.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2022 Apr 1;30:e20210359. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0359. eCollection 2022.
Regenerative approaches using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been evaluated to promote the complete formation of all missing periodontal tissues, e.g., new cementum, bone, and functional periodontal ligaments. MSCs derived from bone marrow have been applied to bone and periodontal defects in several forms, including bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and cultured and isolated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal regeneration capacity of BMAC and cultured BM-MSCs in the wound healing of fenestration defects in rats.
BM-MSCs were obtained after bone marrow aspiration of the isogenic iliac crests of rats, followed by cultivation and isolation. Autogenous BMAC was collected and centrifuged immediately before surgery. In 36 rats, fenestration defects were created and treated with suspended BM-MSCs, BMAC or left to spontaneously heal (control) (N=6). Their regenerative potential was assessed by microcomputed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometry, as well as their cell phenotype and functionality by the Luminex assay at 15 and 30 postoperative days.
BMAC achieved higher bone volume in 30 days than spontaneous healing (p<0.0001) by enhancing osteoblastic lineage commitment maturation, with higher levels of osteopontin (p=0.0013). Defects filled with cultured BM-MSCs achieved higher mature bone formation in early stages than spontaneous healing and BMAC (p=0.0241 and p=0.0143, respectively). Moreover, significantly more cementum-like tissue formation (p<0.0001) was observed with new insertion of fibers in specimens treated with BM-MSCs within 30 days.
Both forms of cell transport, BMAC and BM-MSCs, promoted bone formation. However, early bone formation and maturation were achieved when cultured BM-MSCs were used. Likewise, only cultured BM-MSCs were capable of achieving complete periodontal regeneration with inserted fibers in the new cementum-like tissue.
已对使用间充质干细胞（MSCs）的再生方法进行评估，以促进所有缺失的牙周组织完全形成，例如新的牙骨质、骨组织和功能性牙周韧带。源自骨髓的间充质干细胞已以多种形式应用于骨和牙周缺损，包括骨髓抽吸浓缩物（BMAC）以及培养和分离的骨髓间充质干细胞（BM-MSCs）。本研究旨在评估BMAC和培养的BM-MSCs在大鼠开窗缺损伤口愈合中的牙周再生能力。
从大鼠同基因髂嵴骨髓穿刺后获取BM-MSCs，随后进行培养和分离。自体BMAC在手术前立即收集并离心。在36只大鼠中制造开窗缺损，并用悬浮的BM-MSCs、BMAC进行治疗或任其自发愈合（对照组）（每组n = 6）。在术后15天和30天通过微型计算机断层扫描（µCT）和组织形态计量学评估它们的再生潜力，并通过Luminex检测评估其细胞表型和功能。
通过增强成骨细胞谱系定向成熟，BMAC在30天时比自发愈合实现了更高的骨体积（p < 0.0001），骨桥蛋白水平更高（p = 0.0013）。填充有培养的BM-MSCs的缺损在早期比自发愈合和BMAC实现了更高的成熟骨形成（分别为p = 0.0241和p = 0.0143）。此外，在30天内用BM-MSCs处理的标本中观察到明显更多的类牙骨质组织形成（p < 0.0001），并且有新的纤维插入。
两种细胞输送形式，BMAC和BM-MSCs，均促进了骨形成。然而，使用培养的BM-MSCs时实现了早期骨形成和成熟。同样，只有培养的BM-MSCs能够在新的类牙骨质组织中插入纤维，从而实现完全的牙周再生。
