Department of Basic Health Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR, CEP, Brazil.
Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti S/N, Florianopolis, SC, CEP, Brazil.
Toxicol Mech Methods. 2022 Nov;32(9):637-649. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2063096. Epub 2022 Apr 19.
Compilation studies related to toxicological aspects and also biological monitoring and analysis methods for specific fungicides and, mainly, those that belong to the class of the dithiocarbamates (DTCs) have not been carried out at least in the last ten years. DTCs - dimethyldithiocarbamates, ethylenebisditiocarbamates, propylenebisditiocarbamates - are organosulfur compounds that form complexes due to the presence of different chemical elements, which bind strongly and inhibit enzymes that are essential to the functioning of the organism, causing a serious proven adverse effect on biological systems, such as alteration of thyroid hormones, teratogenesis and neurotoxicity. It is still evident, as shown by world data, that the growing consumption of fungicides has increasingly exposed the population in general and, in particular, workers who deal with these substances. There is a scarcity of studies in the literature discussing the toxicological and analytical aspects that are important for understanding the real effects of DTCs and monitoring human exposure to them. Therefore, the aim of this work was to expose, in a comprehensive way and through a narrative review, gaps in research related to the fungicides of the DTCs class, their metabolites, as well as the toxicological and analytical aspects involved. The review is divided into two parts: (1) Toxicological aspects, including toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and toxidromes; and (2) Analytical Toxicology, which comprises biomarkers, sample preparation and identification/quantification methods.
关于毒理学方面以及特定杀菌剂的生物监测和分析方法的汇编研究，特别是属于二硫代氨基甲酸盐 (DTC) 类的那些，至少在过去十年中尚未进行。DTC（二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐、乙撑双二硫代氨基甲酸盐、丙撑双二硫代氨基甲酸盐）是有机硫化合物，由于存在不同的化学元素，它们形成配合物，与生物体内必需的酶强烈结合并抑制这些酶，从而对生物系统造成严重的不良影响，例如改变甲状腺激素、致畸和神经毒性。正如世界数据所表明的那样，杀菌剂的消费不断增加，使一般人群，特别是接触这些物质的工人面临越来越多的暴露，这一点仍然很明显。文献中关于毒理学和分析方面的研究很少，这些方面对于理解 DTC 的实际影响和监测人类对它们的暴露非常重要。因此，这项工作的目的是全面地通过叙述性综述来揭示 DTC 类杀菌剂、其代谢物以及涉及的毒理学和分析方面的研究空白。综述分为两部分：（1）毒理学方面，包括毒代动力学、毒效动力学和毒理症候群；（2）分析毒理学，包括生物标志物、样品制备和鉴定/定量方法。
