Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2022 Dec;13(6):665-673. doi: 10.1017/S2040174422000149. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
Lactation is a critical time in mammalian development, where maternal factors shape offspring outcomes. In this scoping review, we discuss current literature concerning maternal factors that influence lactation biology and highlight important associations between changes in milk composition and offspring outcomes. Specifically, we explore maternal nutritional, psychosocial, and environmental exposures that influence non-nutritive bioactive components in milk and their links to offspring growth, development, metabolic, and behavioral outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Predetermined eligibility criteria were used to analyze 3,275 papers, and the final review included 40 primary research articles. Outcomes of this review identify maternal obesity to be a leading maternal factor influencing the non-nutritive bioactive composition of milk with notable links to offspring outcomes. Offspring growth and development are the most common modes of programming associated with changes in non-nutritive milk composition due to maternal factors in early life. In addition to discussing studies investigating these key associations, we also identify knowledge gaps in the current literature and suggest opportunities and considerations for future studies.
哺乳期是哺乳动物发育的关键时期，母体因素会影响后代的发育结果。在本次范围综述中，我们讨论了目前关于影响哺乳生物学的母体因素的文献，并强调了乳汁成分变化与后代发育结果之间的重要关联。具体而言，我们探讨了影响乳汁中非营养生物活性成分的母体营养、心理社会和环境暴露因素，以及它们与后代生长、发育、代谢和行为结果之间的联系。本研究采用系统评价和荟萃分析扩展的首选报告项目（PRISMA-ScR）指南进行了全面的文献检索。使用预定的入选标准分析了 3275 篇论文，最终综述纳入了 40 篇原始研究文章。本综述的结果确定肥胖是影响乳汁中非营养生物活性成分的主要母体因素之一，且其与后代发育结果有显著关联。由于生命早期母体因素的影响，后代的生长和发育是与非营养性乳汁成分变化相关的最常见编程模式。除了讨论研究这些关键关联的研究外，我们还确定了当前文献中的知识空白，并为未来的研究提供了机会和考虑因素。
