Skowron Krystian, Lichocki Igor, Godziszewski Filip, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz Magdalena
Student Scientific Association of Medical Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
Student Scientific Club of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 20;17(6):1093. doi: 10.3390/nu17061093.
Breast milk is a complex fluid crucial for infant development, nutrition, and immunological and neurodevelopmental support. Recent findings suggest that factors regarding mental health, such as stress, anxiety, and postpartum depression (PPD), may influence the composition of breast milk. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the relationship between a mother's mental state and the biochemical profile of human milk, focusing mainly on nutrients, hormones, immune factors, and microbiota. : A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and the Web of Science using predefined keywords related to psychological factors and milk composition. Studies involving validated psychological assessment tools and only human subjects were included, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. : Findings indicated that maternal stress and PPD are associated with alterations in breast milk composition. Elevated cortisol and changes in melatonin and prolactin levels have been observed. Immune components, such as secretory immunoglobulin A and transforming growth factor beta 2, exhibit variable responses depending on stress type and duration. Lower concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid have been observed among mothers diagnosed with depression. Additionally, maternal psychological distress may influence infants' gut microbiota composition, potentially affecting long-term health outcomes. : The maternal psychological state plays an essential role in shaping the composition of human breast milk. Understanding these associations highlights the need for mental health support during the postpartum period to optimize infant development. Future research should focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes and potential interventions to mitigate adverse effects.
母乳是一种复杂的液体，对婴儿的发育、营养以及免疫和神经发育支持至关重要。最近的研究结果表明，心理健康相关因素，如压力、焦虑和产后抑郁症（PPD），可能会影响母乳的成分。本综述旨在综合目前关于母亲心理状态与母乳生化特征之间关系的知识，主要关注营养素、激素、免疫因子和微生物群。：使用与心理因素和乳汁成分相关的预定义关键词，在PubMed和科学网进行了系统的文献检索。根据PRISMA指南，纳入了涉及经过验证的心理评估工具且仅以人为研究对象的研究。：研究结果表明，母亲的压力和产后抑郁症与母乳成分的改变有关。已观察到皮质醇升高以及褪黑素和催乳素水平的变化。免疫成分，如分泌型免疫球蛋白A和转化生长因子β2，根据压力类型和持续时间表现出不同的反应。在被诊断为抑郁症的母亲中，观察到二十二碳六烯酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的浓度较低。此外，母亲的心理困扰可能会影响婴儿的肠道微生物群组成， potentially影响长期健康结果。：母亲的心理状态在塑造人乳成分方面起着至关重要的作用。了解这些关联凸显了产后心理健康支持对优化婴儿发育的必要性。未来的研究应关注这些变化背后的分子机制以及减轻不良影响的潜在干预措施。
