Department of Linguistics.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2022 Jul;48(7):1019-1046. doi: 10.1037/xlm0001098. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
The picture-word interference paradigm (participants name target pictures while ignoring distractor words) is often used to model the planning processes involved in word production. The participants' naming times are delayed in the presence of a distractor (general interference). The size of this effect depends on the relationship between the target and distractor words. Distractors of the same semantic category create more interference (semantic interference), and distractors overlapping in phonology create less interference (phonological facilitation). The present study examined the relationships between these experimental effects, processing times, and attention in order to better understand the cognitive processes underlying participants' behavior in this paradigm. Participants named pictures with a superimposed line of Xs, semantically related distractors, phonologically related distractors, or unrelated distractors. General interference, semantic interference, and phonological facilitation effects were replicated. Distributional analyses revealed that general and semantic interference effects increase with naming times, while phonological facilitation decreases. The phonological facilitation and semantic interference effects were found to depend on the synchronicity in processing times between the planning of the picture's name and the processing of the distractor word. Finally, electroencephalographic power in the alpha band before stimulus onset varied with the position of the trial in the experiment and with repetition but did not predict the size of interference/facilitation effects. Taken together, these results suggest that experimental effects in the picture-word interference paradigm depend on processing times to both the target word and distractor word and that distributional patterns could partly reflect this dependency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
图片-词汇干扰范式（参与者在忽略干扰词的情况下命名目标图片）通常用于模拟词汇产生过程中的规划过程。在存在干扰词的情况下，参与者的命名时间会延迟（一般干扰）。这种效应的大小取决于目标词和干扰词之间的关系。同一语义类别的干扰词会产生更大的干扰（语义干扰），而在语音上重叠的干扰词会产生较小的干扰（语音促进）。本研究旨在探讨这些实验效应、加工时间和注意力之间的关系，以便更好地理解参与者在该范式中行为背后的认知过程。参与者在命名图片时，图片上叠加有 X 线、语义相关的干扰词、语音相关的干扰词或不相关的干扰词。重现了一般干扰、语义干扰和语音促进效应。分布分析表明，一般干扰和语义干扰效应随命名时间的增加而增加，而语音促进效应则随命名时间的增加而减少。语音促进效应和语义干扰效应取决于目标词和干扰词的加工时间之间的同步性。最后，刺激前的 alpha 波段脑电功率随实验中试验的位置和重复而变化，但不能预测干扰/促进效应的大小。总之，这些结果表明，图片-词汇干扰范式中的实验效应取决于对目标词和干扰词的加工时间，并且分布模式在一定程度上反映了这种依赖性。
