MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Apr 8;71(14):509-516. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7114a1.
Monkeypox is a rare, sometimes life-threatening zoonotic infection that occurs in west and central Africa. It is caused by Monkeypox virus, an orthopoxvirus similar to Variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) and Vaccinia virus (the live virus component of orthopoxvirus vaccines) and can spread to humans. After 39 years without detection of human disease in Nigeria, an outbreak involving 118 confirmed cases was identified during 2017-2018 (1); sporadic cases continue to occur. During September 2018-May 2021, six unrelated persons traveling from Nigeria received diagnoses of monkeypox in non-African countries: four in the United Kingdom and one each in Israel and Singapore. In July 2021, a man who traveled from Lagos, Nigeria, to Dallas, Texas, became the seventh traveler to a non-African country with diagnosed monkeypox. Among 194 monitored contacts, 144 (74%) were flight contacts. The patient received tecovirimat, an antiviral for treatment of orthopoxvirus infections, and his home required large-scale decontamination. Whole genome sequencing showed that the virus was consistent with a strain of Monkeypox virus known to circulate in Nigeria, but the specific source of the patient's infection was not identified. No epidemiologically linked cases were reported in Nigeria; no contact received postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with the orthopoxvirus vaccine ACAM2000.
猴痘是一种罕见的、有时危及生命的人畜共患感染病，发生在西非和中非。它由猴痘病毒引起，该病毒是正痘病毒属的一种病毒，类似于天花病毒（引起天花的病原体）和牛痘病毒（正痘病毒疫苗的活病毒成分），可以传播给人类。在尼日利亚连续 39 年未发现人类疾病后，2017-2018 年期间发现了一起涉及 118 例确诊病例的暴发（1）；此后仍有散发病例发生。2018 年 9 月至 2021 年 5 月，6 名来自尼日利亚的旅行者在非非洲国家被诊断出患有猴痘：4 人在英国，1 人在以色列，1 人在新加坡。2021 年 7 月，一名从尼日利亚拉各斯前往美国得克萨斯州达拉斯的男子成为第七名在非非洲国家被诊断出患有猴痘的旅行者。在 194 名监测接触者中，有 144 名（74%）是航班接触者。该患者接受了特考韦瑞玛治疗，这是一种用于治疗正痘病毒感染的抗病毒药物，其家庭需要进行大规模去污处理。全基因组测序显示，该病毒与一种已知在尼日利亚流行的猴痘病毒株一致，但患者感染的具体来源尚未确定。尼日利亚没有报告与该病例相关的流行病学病例；没有接触者接受过 ACAM2000 型正痘病毒疫苗的接触后预防（PEP）。
