MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024 Sep 5;73(35):758-762. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7335a1.
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can spread among humans through direct contact with lesions, scabs, or saliva; via respiratory secretions; and indirectly from fomites; via percutaneous injuries; and by crossing the placenta to the fetus during pregnancy. Since 2022, most patients with mpox in the United States have experienced painful skin lesions, and some have had severe illness. During 2021-2022, CDC initiated aircraft contact investigations after receiving reports of travelers on commercial flights with probable or confirmed mpox during their infectious period. Data were collected 1) during 2021, when two isolated clade II mpox cases not linked to an outbreak were imported into the United States by international travelers and 2) for flights arriving in or traveling within the United States during April 30-August 2, 2022, after a global clade II mpox outbreak was detected in May 2022. A total of 113 persons (100 passengers and 13 crew members) traveled on 221 flights while they were infectious with mpox. CDC developed definitions for aircraft contacts based on proximity to mpox cases and flight duration, sent information about these contacts to U.S. health departments, and received outcome information for 1,046 (68%) of 1,538 contacts. No traveler was found to have acquired mpox via a U.S. flight exposure. For persons with mpox and their contacts who had departed from the United States, CDC forwarded contact information as well as details about the exposure event to destination countries to facilitate their own public health investigations. Findings from these aircraft contact investigations suggest that traveling on a flight with a person with mpox does not appear to constitute an exposure risk or warrant routine contact tracing activities. Nonetheless, CDC recommends that persons with mpox isolate and delay travel until they are no longer infectious.
猴痘病毒(MPXV)可以通过直接接触病变、痂皮或唾液;通过呼吸道分泌物;间接通过污染物;通过皮内损伤;以及在怀孕期间通过胎盘传染给胎儿在人与人之间传播。自 2022 年以来,美国大多数猴痘患者都经历了疼痛的皮肤损伤,有些患者病情严重。2021-2022 年,美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)在接到有关旅行者在商业航班上感染期间患有疑似或确诊猴痘的报告后,启动了飞机接触调查。数据是在以下两个时间段收集的:1)2021 年,两名国际旅行者携带的与疫情无关的孤立的 II 型猴痘病例输入美国;2)2022 年 4 月 30 日至 8 月 2 日期间,在美国或在美国境内飞行的航班,此前 2022 年 5 月全球 II 型猴痘疫情爆发。共有 113 人(100 名乘客和 13 名机组人员)在感染猴痘期间乘坐 221 次航班。CDC 根据与猴痘病例的距离和飞行时间制定了飞机接触者的定义,向美国卫生部门发送了有关这些接触者的信息,并收到了 1538 名接触者中 1046 名(68%)的结果信息。没有旅行者通过美国航班接触感染猴痘。对于已经离开美国的猴痘患者及其接触者,CDC 向目的地国家转发了接触者信息以及暴露事件的详细信息,以方便他们自己进行公共卫生调查。这些飞机接触调查的结果表明,与患有猴痘的人一起乘坐航班似乎不会构成暴露风险,也不需要例行的接触者追踪活动。尽管如此,CDC 还是建议猴痘患者隔离并推迟旅行,直到他们不再具有传染性。