Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Virta Health, San Francisco, California, USA.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2022 Jul;43(10):3221-3244. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25847. Epub 2022 Apr 8.
The amygdala and its connections with medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) play central roles in the development of emotional processes. While several studies have suggested that this circuitry exhibits functional changes across the first two decades of life, findings have been mixed - perhaps resulting from differences in analytic choices across studies. Here we used multiverse analyses to examine the robustness of task-based amygdala-mPFC function findings to analytic choices within the context of an accelerated longitudinal design (4-22 years-old; N = 98; 183 scans; 1-3 scans/participant). Participants recruited from the greater Los Angeles area completed an event-related emotional face (fear, neutral) task. Parallel analyses varying in preprocessing and modeling choices found that age-related change estimates for amygdala reactivity were more robust than task-evoked amygdala-mPFC functional connectivity to varied analytical choices. Specification curves indicated evidence for age-related decreases in amygdala reactivity to faces, though within-participant changes in amygdala reactivity could not be differentiated from between-participant differences. In contrast, amygdala-mPFC functional connectivity results varied across methods much more, and evidence for age-related change in amygdala-mPFC connectivity was not consistent. Generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) measurements of connectivity were especially sensitive to whether a deconvolution step was applied. Our findings demonstrate the importance of assessing the robustness of findings to analysis choices, although the age-related changes in our current work cannot be overinterpreted given low test-retest reliability. Together, these findings highlight both the challenges in estimating developmental change in longitudinal cohorts and the value of multiverse approaches in developmental neuroimaging for assessing robustness of results.
杏仁核及其与内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）的连接在情绪过程的发展中起着核心作用。虽然有几项研究表明，该回路在生命的头二十年中表现出功能变化，但研究结果却存在差异——这可能是由于研究之间的分析选择存在差异。在这里，我们使用多元宇宙分析来检查基于任务的杏仁核- mPFC 功能发现的稳健性，以在加速纵向设计（4-22 岁；N=98；183 次扫描；1-3 次/参与者）的背景下分析选择。从大洛杉矶地区招募的参与者完成了与情绪相关的面部事件相关任务（恐惧、中性）。不同预处理和建模选择的平行分析发现，杏仁核反应性的年龄相关变化估计比任务诱发的杏仁核-mPFC 功能连接对不同的分析选择更稳健。规范曲线表明，存在与年龄相关的杏仁核对面孔反应性下降的证据，尽管不能从参与者之间的差异中区分杏仁核反应性的个体内变化。相比之下，杏仁核-mPFC 功能连接的结果在方法之间变化更大，并且与年龄相关的杏仁核-mPFC 连接变化的证据不一致。连接的广义心理生理相互作用（gPPI）测量对是否应用去卷积步骤特别敏感。我们的研究结果表明，评估发现对分析选择的稳健性非常重要，尽管鉴于低测试-重测可靠性，我们目前的工作中的年龄相关变化不能被过度解释。总之，这些发现突出了在纵向队列中估计发展变化的挑战，以及多元宇宙方法在发展神经影像学中评估结果稳健性的价值。
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