Almquist Lars, Walker Sarah Cusworth
Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.
Health Justice. 2022 Apr 8;10(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s40352-022-00177-7.
Youth experiencing homelessness have disproportionate contact with the criminal legal system. This system contact represents a critical inflection point for enhancing risk or opportunities for stabilization; however, the policy and scholarly traditions examining the criminal legal system have not traditionally incorporated housing or other social determinants as a central focus of intervention.
We conducted a scoping review using PRISMA-ScR guidelines to examine how the research literature is currently addressing housing within the context of youth involvement in the legal system. Databases searched included PubMed, Web of Science, and Academic Search Complete. Google Scholar was used to identify papers not indexed in the academic databases of interest. Database searches were conducted between September and December 2019 and articles were restricted to those published in English between the year 2000 and 2019. Key study components extracted included demographic information regarding each sample, type of article, study methodology, direction of effects of interest, outcome measures and primary findings, as well as theoretical frameworks engaged by the authors.
The search results returned 2154 titles for review. After screening all 2154 titles, 75 met eligibility for inclusion. Abstract reviews were conducted for all 75 papers. 36 abstracts met eligibility criteria and underwent full-text review. Ultimately, 29 articles satisfied eligibility criteria and were included in this scoping review.
Publications are primarily focused on the social epidemiology of risk factors and behaviors determining youth justice contact, but relatively less so on studies of interventions targeting youth delinquency, crime reduction, or recidivism that included housing support. The lack of continuity in theorizing from epidemiology to applied science in this area represents a gap in the literature that is likely reducing the effectiveness of interventions to interrupt patterns of legal system contact for youth. Integrating a public health framework that emphasizes the upstream social determinants leading to contact with the youth justice system would represent a paradigm shift for the field that would have beneficial effects on long term health outcomes for youth.
经历无家可归的青少年与刑事法律系统有不成比例的接触。这种系统接触是增强稳定风险或机会的关键转折点；然而，审视刑事法律系统的政策和学术传统传统上并未将住房或其他社会决定因素作为干预的核心重点。
我们使用PRISMA-ScR指南进行了一项范围审查，以研究当前研究文献如何在青少年参与法律系统的背景下探讨住房问题。搜索的数据库包括PubMed、科学网和学术搜索完整版。谷歌学术用于识别未在感兴趣的学术数据库中索引的论文。数据库搜索于2019年9月至12月进行，文章仅限于2000年至2019年期间以英文发表的文章。提取的关键研究组成部分包括每个样本的人口统计信息、文章类型、研究方法、感兴趣的效应方向、结果测量和主要发现，以及作者采用的理论框架。
搜索结果返回2154个标题以供审查。在筛选所有2154个标题后，75个符合纳入资格。对所有75篇论文进行了摘要审查。36篇摘要符合资格标准并进行了全文审查。最终，29篇文章满足资格标准并被纳入本范围审查。
出版物主要关注决定青少年司法接触的风险因素和行为的社会流行病学，但相对较少关注针对青少年犯罪、减少犯罪或再犯且包括住房支持的干预措施的研究。该领域从流行病学理论到应用科学缺乏连续性，这代表了文献中的一个空白，可能会降低干预措施中断青少年法律系统接触模式的有效性。整合一个强调导致与青少年司法系统接触的上游社会决定因素的公共卫生框架，将代表该领域的范式转变，这将对青少年的长期健康结果产生有益影响。
