Rolfe R D
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1986;24(3):235-61. doi: 10.3109/10408368609110275.
Toxigenic Clostridium difficile is the major cause of antimicrobial agent-associated pseudomembranous colitis and is the etiological agent of approximately 30% of cases of nonspecific colitis and diarrhea (without colitis) induced by antimicrobial agents. In addition, C. difficile has been implicated in certain intestinal diseases not related to prior antimicrobial administration. C. difficile has been reported to be one of the most common enteropathogens isolated from stool specimens submitted to hospital laboratories. Thus, diagnosis of C. difficile-associated intestinal disease should now be routinely performed in diagnostic clinical laboratories. The diagnosis of C. difficile-associated intestinal disease relies on the demonstration of either the organism or the toxin(s) in stool specimens or antibody response in serum to the toxin(s). Several selective medium are available for the recovery of C. difficile from stool specimens. The toxin(s) of C. difficile can be demonstrated using a variety of techniques, including biological assays as well as immunological assays. This article will review the techniques currently available to aid in the diagnosis of C. difficile-associated intestinal disease.
产毒艰难梭菌是抗菌药物相关性假膜性结肠炎的主要病因，约占抗菌药物诱发的非特异性结肠炎和腹泻（无结肠炎）病例的30%。此外，艰难梭菌还与某些与先前抗菌药物使用无关的肠道疾病有关。据报道，艰难梭菌是医院实验室送检粪便标本中分离出的最常见肠道病原体之一。因此，诊断临床实验室现在应常规进行艰难梭菌相关性肠道疾病的诊断。艰难梭菌相关性肠道疾病的诊断依赖于粪便标本中病原体或毒素的检测，或血清中针对毒素的抗体反应。有几种选择性培养基可用于从粪便标本中分离艰难梭菌。艰难梭菌的毒素可以通过多种技术检测，包括生物学检测和免疫学检测。本文将综述目前有助于诊断艰难梭菌相关性肠道疾病的技术。
