Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.
Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Jun;164:112987. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112987. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their precursors, referred to as glycation products, are a heterogenous group of compounds being associated with adverse health effects. They are formed endogenously and in exogenous sources including food. This review investigates the roles of endogenously versus exogenously formed glycation products in the potential induction of adverse health effects, focusing on differences in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, which appeared to differ depending on the molecular mass of the glycation product. Based on the available data, exogenous low molecular mass (LMM) glycation products seem to be bioavailable and to contribute to dicarbonyl stress and protein cross-linking resulting in formation of endogenous AGEs. Bioavailability of exogenous high molecular mass (HMM) glycation products appears limited, while these bind to the AGE receptor (RAGE), initiating adverse health effects. Together, this suggests that RAGE-binding in relevant tissues will more likely result from endogenously formed glycation products. Effects on gut microbiota induced by glycation products is proposed as a third mode of action. Overall, studies which better discriminate between LMM and HMM glycation products and between endogenous and exogenous formation are needed to further elucidate the contributions of these different types and sources of glycation products to the ultimate biological effects.
糖基化终产物（AGEs）及其前体，称为糖基化产物，是一组与不良健康影响相关的异质化合物。它们在体内和包括食物在内的外源性来源中形成。本综述研究了内源性和外源性形成的糖基化产物在潜在诱导不良健康影响中的作用，重点研究了毒代动力学和毒效动力学的差异，这些差异似乎取决于糖基化产物的分子量。基于现有数据，外源性低分子量（LMM）糖基化产物似乎是生物可利用的，并有助于二羰基应激和蛋白质交联，从而形成内源性 AGEs。外源性高分子量（HMM）糖基化产物的生物利用度似乎有限，而这些产物与 AGE 受体（RAGE）结合，引发不良健康影响。总的来说，这表明相关组织中 RAGE 结合更可能来自内源性形成的糖基化产物。糖基化产物对肠道微生物群的影响被提议为第三种作用模式。总体而言，需要进行更好地区分 LMM 和 HMM 糖基化产物以及内源性和外源性形成的研究，以进一步阐明这些不同类型和来源的糖基化产物对最终生物学效应的贡献。
