Pipke Rüdiger, Wilmes Annette
Fachbereich Gefahrstoffe und Biologische Arbeitsstoffe, Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149, Dortmund, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2022 May;65(5):589-598. doi: 10.1007/s00103-022-03530-1. Epub 2022 Apr 11.
Hazardous substances are ubiquitous in the world of work. Employees from all sectors are exposed to different risks when working with hazardous substances. This also applies to people who do not directly handle hazardous substances (bystanders). Risk communication in occupational safety and health takes place at different levels. The spectrum ranges from large to small companies, safety experts, company physicians, works and staff council representatives to employees and the general public. Risk communication in occupational safety and health along the supply chain aims to create risk awareness among manufacturers, employers and employees to reduce risky behaviour and to encourage risk-reducing behaviour.Instruments of risk communication are explained in this article and considered with regard to their effectiveness. This affects binding instruments in the European internal market such as the hazard label or the safety data sheet (SDS). At the level of the Hazardous Substances Ordinance, they are the Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRGS), limit values, the Easy-to-use Workplace Control Scheme for Hazardous Substances (EMKG) and, as a creative instrument, objects of the "DASA Working World Exhibition" in Dortmund, Germany. The results of the paper show that an adaptation of the instruments is necessary, especially for small and micro-enterprises, in order to find the appropriate entry point into risk assessment. Often, the existing instruments are not known, too extensive or difficult to understand. Recommendations for action are necessary that make it easy to get started with risk assessment. Existing scientific studies tend to focus on the deficits in risk assessment rather than on the development of efficient ways to communicate risks. Further analyses of the needs of the different target groups are necessary for appropriate risk communication.
有害物质在工作场所中无处不在。各行各业的员工在接触有害物质时都会面临不同的风险。这也适用于那些不直接处理有害物质的人（旁观者）。职业安全与健康领域的风险沟通在不同层面展开。范围涵盖大公司到小公司、安全专家、公司医生、劳资双方代表以及员工和普通大众。职业安全与健康领域沿供应链的风险沟通旨在提高制造商、雇主和员工的风险意识，以减少危险行为并鼓励降低风险的行为。本文对风险沟通工具进行了解释，并考量了其有效性。这涉及到欧洲内部市场的具有约束力的工具，如危险标签或安全数据表（SDS）。在有害物质条例层面，它们是有害物质技术规则（TRGS）、限值、有害物质简易工作场所控制方案（EMKG），以及作为一种创新工具的德国多特蒙德“DASA工作世界展览”的展品。本文的结果表明，有必要对这些工具进行调整，特别是对于小微企业，以便找到进行风险评估的合适切入点。通常，现有的工具不为人所知、过于繁杂或难以理解。需要提出行动建议，以便轻松开展风险评估。现有的科学研究往往侧重于风险评估中的缺陷，而不是开发有效的风险沟通方式。为了进行适当的风险沟通，有必要对不同目标群体的需求做进一步分析。
