Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Aug 4;116(2):404-414. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac097.
Offspring of obese rodents develop a metabolic phenotype that favors fat deposition. Data regarding the impact of maternal obesity programing of offspring fuel usage in humans is scarce.
The objective of this study was to explore the association between maternal weight status and dietary palmitate oxidation (DPO) in 2-y-old offspring, taking into consideration potential confounders and modifiers.
Women (n = 56) were enrolled by the first trimester of gestation. Maternal physical activity (PA; measured with accelerometers) at enrollment and gestational weight gain (GWG) were measured. Offspring sex, race, and breastfeeding (BF) duration were self-reported. Human milk (HM) composition was determined at 6 mo postpartum. At age 2 y, dietary quality [healthy eating index (HEI)] and parental feeding practices [Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ)] were assessed. DPO in 2-y-olds (2-yo-DPO) was measured using deuterated palmitic acid. Generalized linear regression analysis was used to model the associations of 2-yo-DPO with maternal weight status [normal weight (NW), BMI <25 (in kg/m2) compared with excessive weight (EW), BMI ≥25].
DPO was higher in offspring of women with EW compared with NW (2.1 ± 1.2%/h compared with 1.4 ± 0.7%/h, P = 0.03). Maternal weight status interacted with BF duration in association with 2-yo-DPO (log ß: 0.05, P = 0.04). Specifically, 2-yo-DPO was higher in the EW compared with NW group if BF duration was ≥9 mo. HM insulin (log ß: 0.35, P = 0.002) and HM leptin (log ß: 0.81, P = 0.001) concentrations directly associated with 2-yo-DPO. PA (log ß: 0.06, P = 0.013), parental feeding restriction (log ß: 0.05, P < 0.0001), and male sex (log ß: 0.54, P < 0.001) were positively associated with 2-yo-DPO. HEI was negatively associated with 2-yo-DPO (log ß:-0.03, P < 0.0001).
Higher 2-yo-DPO in offspring of women with EW compared with NW were driven by BF duration. Higher HM insulin and leptin concentrations in women with EW may explain these finding. More studies are needed to confirm these results. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03281850.
肥胖啮齿动物的后代会出现有利于脂肪沉积的代谢表型。关于母体肥胖对人类后代燃料使用编程的影响的数据很少。
本研究旨在探讨母亲体重状况与 2 岁儿童饮食棕榈酸氧化（DPO）之间的关联，同时考虑潜在的混杂因素和修饰因素。
在妊娠早期招募了 56 名女性。在招募时测量了母亲的身体活动（PA；使用加速度计测量）和妊娠增重（GWG）。儿童的性别、种族和母乳喂养（BF）持续时间均为自我报告。在产后 6 个月时测定人乳（HM）成分。在 2 岁时，评估饮食质量[健康饮食指数（HEI）]和父母喂养行为[儿童喂养问卷（CFQ）]。使用氘代棕榈酸测量 2 岁儿童的 DPO（2-yo-DPO）。使用广义线性回归分析模型，比较了 2-yo-DPO 与母亲体重状况[正常体重（NW），BMI<25（kg/m2）与超重（EW），BMI≥25]之间的关系。
与 NW 相比，EW 母亲的后代 DPO 更高（2.1±1.2%/h 比 1.4±0.7%/h，P=0.03）。母亲体重状况与 BF 持续时间与 2-yo-DPO 存在交互作用（log β：0.05，P=0.04）。具体来说，如果 BF 持续时间≥9 个月，则 EW 组的 2-yo-DPO 高于 NW 组。HM 胰岛素（log β：0.35，P=0.002）和 HM 瘦素（log β：0.81，P=0.001）浓度与 2-yo-DPO 直接相关。PA（log β：0.06，P=0.013）、父母喂养限制（log β：0.05，P<0.0001）和男性（log β：0.54，P<0.001）与 2-yo-DPO 呈正相关。HEI 与 2-yo-DPO 呈负相关（log β：-0.03，P<0.0001）。
与 NW 相比，EW 母亲的后代 2-yo-DPO 更高，这是由 BF 持续时间驱动的。EW 母亲 HM 胰岛素和瘦素浓度较高可能解释了这些发现。需要更多的研究来证实这些结果。本试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册为 NCT03281850。
