Diaz Eva C, Williams David K, Howie Erin K, Børsheim Elisabet, Andres Aline
Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2024 Apr;48(4):542-549. doi: 10.1038/s41366-023-01446-7. Epub 2024 Jan 20.
Rodent models suggest that in utero exposure to under and overnutrition programs offspring physical activity (PA) behaviors. Such nexus has not been established in humans. This study evaluated the association of early pregnancy maternal adiposity with offspring PA at age 2 years (2-yo-PA) taking into consideration prenatal and postnatal factors.
Women (n = 153) were enrolled early in pregnancy (<10 weeks). At enrollment, maternal adiposity [air displacement plethysmography, fat mass index (FMI, kg/m)] and PA (accelerometers, activity counts) were measured, and age, race, and education self-reported. Gestational weight gain was measured at the research facility. Offspring birthweight and sex were self-reported. At age 2 years, parental feeding practices (child feeding questionnaire) were assessed, whereas anthropometrics (length and weight) and physical activity (accelerometers) were objectively measured. Offspring body mass index z-scores were calculated. Generalized linear regression analysis modeled the association of maternal FMI and 2-yo-PA [average activity counts (AC)/day].
In bivariate associations, 2-yo-PA did not associate with maternal FMI (β = -0.22, CI = -0.73 to 0.29, p = 0.398). However, maternal FMI interacted with offspring sex in association with 2-yo-PA. Specifically, 2-yo-PA was lower in girls (β = -1.14, CI = -2.1 to -0.18, p = 0.02) compared to boys when maternal FMI was ≥7 kg/m. When stratified by sex, 2-yo-PA of girls negatively associated with maternal FMI (β = -0.82, CI = -1.43 to 0.29, p = 0.009) while no association was found between maternal FMI and boy's PA (β = 0.32, CI = -0.38 to 1.01, p = 0.376).
The association of 2-yo-PA and early pregnancy maternal adiposity was modified by offspring sex. Offspring's physical activity decreased with increasing early pregnancy adiposity maternal in girls but not boys in second parity dyads.
啮齿动物模型表明，子宫内暴露于营养不足和营养过剩会影响后代的身体活动（PA）行为。这种联系在人类中尚未得到证实。本研究在考虑产前和产后因素的情况下，评估了孕早期母体肥胖与后代2岁时身体活动（2岁-PA）之间的关联。
招募了妊娠早期（<10周）的女性（n = 153）。在入组时，测量母体肥胖情况[空气置换体积描记法，脂肪量指数（FMI，kg/m）]和身体活动（加速度计，活动计数），并自我报告年龄、种族和教育程度。在研究机构测量孕期体重增加情况。后代的出生体重和性别由家长自我报告。在2岁时，评估父母的喂养方式（儿童喂养问卷），同时客观测量人体测量指标（身长和体重）和身体活动（加速度计）。计算后代的体重指数z评分。采用广义线性回归分析来模拟母体FMI与2岁-PA[平均每日活动计数（AC）]之间的关联。
在双变量关联分析中，2岁-PA与母体FMI无关联（β = -0.22，CI = -0.73至0.29，p = 0.398）。然而，母体FMI与后代性别在与2岁-PA的关联中存在交互作用。具体而言，当母体FMI≥7 kg/m时，女孩的2岁-PA低于男孩（β = -1.14，CI = -2.1至-0.18，p = 0.02）。按性别分层后，女孩的2岁-PA与母体FMI呈负相关（β = -0.82，CI = -1.43至0.29，p = 0.009），而母体FMI与男孩的PA之间未发现关联（β = 0.32，CI = -0.38至1.01，p = 0.376）。
2岁-PA与孕早期母体肥胖之间的关联因后代性别而异。在二胎组合中，女孩的身体活动随孕早期母体肥胖程度的增加而降低，而男孩则不然。
