Department of Psychology, Rider University.
Psychol Methods. 2024 Apr;29(2):379-387. doi: 10.1037/met0000490. Epub 2022 Apr 11.
Careful consideration of the tradeoff between Type I and Type II error rates when designing experiments is critical for maximizing statistical decision accuracy. Typically, Type I error rates (e.g., .05) are significantly lower than Type II error rates (e.g., .20 for .80 power) in psychological science. Further, positive findings (true effects and Type I errors) are more likely to be the focus of replication. This conventional approach leads to very high rates of Type II error. Analyses show that increasing the Type I error rate to .10, thereby increasing power and decreasing the Type II error rate for each test, leads to higher overall rates of correct statistical decisions. This increase of Type I error rate is consistent with, and most beneficial in the context of, the replication and "New Statistics" movements in psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
在设计实验时，仔细考虑Ⅰ型错误率和Ⅱ型错误率之间的权衡对于最大限度地提高统计决策的准确性至关重要。通常，在心理科学中，Ⅰ型错误率（例如，0.05）显著低于Ⅱ型错误率（例如，0.80 功效时为 0.20）。此外，阳性发现（真实效应和Ⅰ型错误）更有可能成为复制的重点。这种传统方法导致非常高的Ⅱ型错误率。分析表明，将Ⅰ型错误率提高到 0.10，从而提高每个测试的功效并降低Ⅱ型错误率，会导致更高的总体正确统计决策率。这种Ⅰ型错误率的增加与心理学中的复制和“新统计”运动一致，并且在这种情况下最有益。
