College of Nursing and Health Professions.
KU Leuven.
J Fam Psychol. 2022 Sep;36(6):954-963. doi: 10.1037/fam0000989. Epub 2022 Apr 11.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common, comorbid, and consequential for adolescents. Attachment theory suggests that styles of relationships with parents, developed from patterns of interactions over time, contribute to risk for these internalizing symptoms. This may be especially relevant for high-risk, clinically severe adolescents. However, most research focuses primarily on attachment relationships to mothers. Some theoretical perspectives also suggest that attachment to other caregivers (such as fathers) may not only be uniquely important for understanding internalizing symptoms but may also interact with maternal attachment. Therefore, it is important to examine these attachment relationships in tandem. The present study examines associations between attachment and internalizing symptoms in a sample of 1,141 youth (12-20 years old; 54.0% female, 96.5% White) from a multisite residential treatment facility. Youth reported on attachment anxiety and avoidance with both parents, as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms. Response surface analyses were used to examine curvilinear, interactive, and fit effects using a model comparison approach. Overall, for patterns of anxious attachment, the best-fitting models reflected simple additive and linear effects. For avoidant attachment, best-fitting models included interactions and fit patterns, suggesting the meaning of maternal attachment was dependent on paternal and vice versa. After accounting for covariates, however, maternal attachment was the sole predictor in most models except attachment avoidance predicting depressive symptoms. These results have implications for attachment theory and research, and further work untangling these complex effects may inform clinical practice for high-risk adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
焦虑和抑郁症状在青少年中很常见，且常并发，并会产生后果。依恋理论表明，与父母的关系风格是由长期互动模式发展而来的，这会增加出现这些内在症状的风险。对于高风险、临床严重的青少年来说，这可能尤为相关。然而，大多数研究主要关注与母亲的依恋关系。一些理论观点还表明，与其他照顾者（如父亲）的依恋关系不仅对于理解内在症状可能非常重要，而且可能与母婴依恋相互作用。因此，同时检查这些依恋关系很重要。本研究在一个多地点住宿治疗机构的 1141 名青少年（12-20 岁；女性占 54.0%，96.5%为白人）样本中，研究了依恋与内在症状之间的关联。青少年报告了与父母双方的依恋焦虑和回避，以及焦虑和抑郁症状。使用模型比较方法，响应面分析用于检查曲线、交互和拟合效应。总体而言，对于焦虑依恋模式，最佳拟合模型反映了简单的加性和线性效应。对于回避依恋，最佳拟合模型包括交互和拟合模式，表明母亲依恋的意义取决于父亲依恋，反之亦然。然而，在考虑了协变量后，在大多数模型中，只有母婴依恋是唯一的预测因素，除了依恋回避预测抑郁症状外。这些结果对依恋理论和研究具有启示意义，进一步厘清这些复杂影响的工作可能会为高风险青少年的临床实践提供信息。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
